University-Based Science and Biotechnology Products

Kesselheim, Aaron S.; Avorn, JD Jerry

doi:10.1001/jama.293.7.850

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Greater reliance on initial patent terms would also increase the incentive to pursue research into new and truly innovative products rather than to invest in protection of revenues from older ones. 35 M a r k e t W a t c h…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensions Of Intellectual Property Rights And Delayed Adoption Of Generic Drugs: Effects On Medicaid Spending

Kesselheim¹,

Fischer²,

Avorn

2006

Health Affairs

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Rising prescription drug costs present a critical policy issue for Medicaid. Generic substitution can reduce costs, but the effects are undercut by extensions of intellectual property (IP) protection, elevated generic prices, and low substitution rates. Using Medicaid prescription data for amoxicillin/clavulanate, metformin, and omeprazole, we calculated the savings that could have been realized if generic drugs had been available and fully substituted at their lowest cost when IP protection first expired (an average delay of twenty-six months). The delay in availability, elevated prices, and slow uptake of generic alternatives for these three drugs alone cost

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensions Of Intellectual Property Rights And Delayed Adoption Of Generic Drugs: Effects On Medicaid Spending

Kesselheim¹,

Fischer²,

Avorn

2006

Health Affairs

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“…Again, it is notable that the top academic inventors were small in number and worked collaboratively in one center. For example, Carl June, David Porter, Michael Milone and Bruce Levine were co-awarded 9 patents on T cell therapies at the University of Pennsylvania, which became the basis for current immunotherapy models (Kesselheim and Avorn 2005 ). The importance and effect of star scientists have been documented in numerous studies, going back to, at least, Zucker and Darby ( 1996 ).…”

Section: Innovation Commercialization In Academic Medical Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The valorization of non-patent intellectual property in academic medical centers

Marr

Phan

2020

J Technol Transf

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Turning university research output into useful products such as drugs, devices and diagnostics requires skills, knowledge, and resources traditionally attributed to private industry. When it comes to intangibles such as care delivery models, informatics and algorithms, and the software behind smart wearables, the commercialization challenges are even greater. With notable exceptions, Academic Medical Centers have typically not excelled in advancing commercialization of such non-patent intellectual property (IP). We believe that this is in part because the traditional closed form university IP policy, formulated since Bayh-Dole (1980), is ill-suited to non-patent IP. In this paper, we reflect on the evolving challenges that new forms of healthcare-related discoveries, specifically non-patent IP, are placing on the traditional university intellectual property and technology transfer regime, and to offer suggestions on how universities can begin to modernize their IP policies to support the valorization of non-patent IP.

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“…Taken together, these decisions represent not only a shift in the parameters of what qualifies as patentable subject matter, but also a step up the ladder in terms of when patentability is allowed in the innovation chain. By affording the patenting of raw materials and basic tools, core features of the basic research enterprise became subject to ownership claims (Rai 2001, Kesselheim & Avorn 2005.…”

Section: Patentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frontiers of Intellectual Property: Expanded Protection versus New Models of Open Science

Rhoten

Powell

2007

Annu. Rev. Law. Soc. Sci.

103

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The growing salience of intellectual property (IP) rights has reconfigured U.S. science, shifting it from the formerly separate realms of university and commercial science to an increasingly interconnected field of public and proprietary science. We assess both the magnitude and consequences of these developments, first describing the primary tools of IP and the changing nature of their influence on science, and then examining the effects of IP on the roles, rules, and relations of the scientific enterprise. We also consider the emergence of new models of scientific practice that blend both public and private. We debate whether current changes represent a transition or transformation in the relations between science and property. Finally, we argue that just as the public and private spheres of science may be converging, so must future scholarship if we are to answer harder questions about the appropriate balance between traditional logics of open science and the more recent regimes of proprietary science. 345 Annu. Rev. Law. Soc. Sci. 2007.3:345-373. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by Stanford University Robert Crown Law Lib. on 05/17/08. For personal use only.Humanity needs practical men, who get the most out of their work, and, without forgetting the general good, safeguard their own interests. But humanity also needs dreamers, for whom the disinterested development of an enterprise is so captivating that it becomes impossible for them to devote their care to their own material profit . . . .[A] well-organized society should assure to such workers the efficient means of accomplishing their task, in a life freed from material care and freely consecrated to research.Marie Curie (1946) Rhoten · Powell

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University-Based Science and Biotechnology Products

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Extensions Of Intellectual Property Rights And Delayed Adoption Of Generic Drugs: Effects On Medicaid Spending

Extensions Of Intellectual Property Rights And Delayed Adoption Of Generic Drugs: Effects On Medicaid Spending

The valorization of non-patent intellectual property in academic medical centers

The Frontiers of Intellectual Property: Expanded Protection versus New Models of Open Science

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