Universal methodology for developing univariate sample-specific sex determination methods: an example using the epicondylar breadth of the humerus

Albanese, John; Cardoso, Hugo F.V.; Saunders, Shelley R.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.08.003

Cited by 71 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although size-based methods using multiple discriminant analysis or other statistical models such as logistic regression are generally easier to use in determination of sex than morphological methods (e.g., Albanese, 2003;Albanese et al, 2005;), it has been shown that considerable variation exists in robusticity of the distal humerus in South Africans (Steyn & Iscan, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies have focused on size differences alone (e.g., Steyn and İşcan, 1999;Albanese et al, 2005;Frutos, 2005), with generally good results producing accuracies that are frequently above 80%. Morphological differences of both the distal and proximal humerus have also been studied, but to a lesser extent (Rogers, 1999;Rogers, 2009;Kranioti et al, 2009;Vance et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometric morphometric assessment of sexually dimorphic characteristics of the distal humerus

Vance

Steyn²

2013

HOMO

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A number of recent studies investigated the use of morphological characteristics of the distal humerus to estimate the sex of unknown individuals. Using visual assessment, accuracies ranging from 74% to more than 90% were reported. The aim of this study was to assess these traits with geometric morphometrics, in order to determine if they corroborate the findings as described with pure visual assessment. A total sample of 155 female and 175 male humeri of South Africans were used. All humeri were photographed in standardized positions from a posterior and inferior view, and homologous landmarks assigned. Olecranon fossa shape, angle of the medial epicondyle and trochlear symmetry were assessed. Males and females could be separated with accuracies ranging from 78 -91%. The results of this study confirm the existence of these traits and their usability in assessment of sex from skeletal remains, and the observed anatomical characteristics largely agree with what have been described by visual assessment.KEY WORDS forensic anthropology, sex determination, distal humerus, sexual dimorphism, South Africa, olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry 2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric assessment of sexually dimorphic characteristics of the distal humerus

Vance

Steyn²

2013

HOMO

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“…These observable traits enable sex determination which is an important first step in the analysis of human skeletal remains, as in forensic cases it reduces the number of potential individuals by half [1]. It is also important to determine sex in archaeological collections as it enables the demographic reconstruction of the population studied [2]. The degree of sexual dimorphism varies between populations, separated both chronologically and geographically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a single or combined limb bone measurements have shown to be accurate 80-90% of the time [10]. Metric standards of the lower limb have been used extensively for sex determination, however as not all bones may be recovered it is important to utilise other skeletal elements [2,5]. For example, it has been demonstrated that arm bone dimensions are sexually dimorphic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metric Methods of Skeletal Sex Determination using the Arm Bones of Two British Medieval Populations

Eliopoulos¹

2016

G. J. Anthropol. Res.

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Several studies have stated the importance of devising population-specific metric methods for sex determination. The long bones of the arm have been previously reported as having a high reliability. This paper explores the degree of sexual dimorphism in adult arm bones displayed in two Medieval British populations, one urban and one rural. The urban Gloucester population sample consists of 45 individuals (19 female and 26 male) and the rural Poulton sample of 27 individuals (13 female and 14 male) and were selected from collections housed at Liverpool John Moores University. Measurements of the proximal and distal epiphyses along with maximum length were used on the humerus, radius and ulna. These populations showed sexual dimorphism in every measurement taken. Discriminant function analysis found that all arm bones had very high discriminant accuracies in both populations reaching 91.2% (Gloucester radii) and 95.5% (Poulton radii). It was found that some of the values were significantly different between the populations supporting the necessity for population-specific metric standards.

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“…Some studies dealt with combinations of the three bones [3][4][5][6][7] while others focused on each bone separately. Humerus has been studied intensively and standards have been obtained for several different ethnic groups [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Although not as popular as humerus, ulna has been the subject of several osteometric studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; so as the radius [22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Sex from the Upper Limb in Modern Cretans with the Aid of ROC-Analysis: A Technical Report

Kranioti¹

2015

FRCIJ

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Discriminant function analysis is one of the most popular methods employed for grouping specimens according to optimal combination of linear measurements. Many studies have used this method with the objective of producing population specific formulae for sex estimation from different skeletal parts of the skeleton. This study focuses on the long bones of the upper limb using Receiving operation characteristics (ROC) curves. A total of 173 well preserved skeletons of Cretan origin were used. A total of 12 measurements are taken from the bones of the upper limn. The diagnostic value of the single variables was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC). The cut-off values and the diagnostic characteristics of each variable (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative predictive values) are presented. The correlation of normally distributed the variables will be tested with the method Pearson correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance is set to p<0.05 (a-error). Means, standard deviations and F-ratios for all single dimensions are calculated by performing ANOVA with SPSS 13.0.All measurements are found statistically significant at the level of 0.0001. The best discriminatory variables was found to be radius length (91.3%) followed by humerus head vertical diameter (90.2%) and ulnar length (89%). Comparison with published standards for mainland Greece reaffirms a scope for developing additional standards for modern Cretans. Traditional methods use discriminant function analysis to study sexual dimorphism. Herein a different approach is proposed. ROC curves, known to be very effective in medical decision making, are employed in the evaluation of several variables as effective markers for sex identification. The method should complement multivariate statistical analyses.

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Universal methodology for developing univariate sample-specific sex determination methods: an example using the epicondylar breadth of the humerus

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Geometric morphometric assessment of sexually dimorphic characteristics of the distal humerus

Geometric morphometric assessment of sexually dimorphic characteristics of the distal humerus

Metric Methods of Skeletal Sex Determination using the Arm Bones of Two British Medieval Populations

Estimation of Sex from the Upper Limb in Modern Cretans with the Aid of ROC-Analysis: A Technical Report

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