Universal influenza virus vaccines and therapeutic antibodies

Nachbagauer, Raffael; Krammer, Florian

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.009

Cited by 170 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The efficacy of antibody-based treatment has been studied against SFTS disease. Generally, antibodies play a critical role in the treating a wide variety of viral diseases; such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Ferrari et al, 2016), diseases caused by ebola virus (Mendoza et al, 2017) and influenza (Nachbagauer and Krammer, 2017). Antibody drugs neutralize viruses or bind to the virion to enhance antigen uptake by cytotoxic T cells, making them highly specific for the target virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection

Takayama-Ito

Saijo

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), which is a novel bunyavirus. SFTSV was first isolated from patients who presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction in China. Subsequently, it was found to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia (Korea, Japan, and Vietnam). SFTSV can be transmitted not only from ticks but also from domestic animals, companion animals, and humans. Because the case fatality rate of SFTS is high (6-30%), development of specific and effective treatment for SFTS is required. Studies of potential antiviral drugs for SFTS-specific therapy have been conducted on existing or newly discovered agents in vitro and in vivo, with ribavirin and favipiravir being the most promising candidates. While animal experiments and retrospective studies have demonstrated the limited efficacy of ribavirin, it was also speculated that ribavirin would be effective in patients with a viral load <1 × 10 6 copies/mL. Favipiravir showed higher efficacy than ribavirin against SFTSV in in vitro assays and greater efficacy in animal models, even administrated 3 days after the virus inoculation. Although clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of favipiravir in SFTS patients in Japan are underway, this has yet to be confirmed. Other drugs, including hexachlorophene, calcium channel blockers, 2 ′ -fluoro-2 ′ -deoxycytidine, caffeic acid, amodiaquine, and interferons, have also been evaluated for their inhibitory efficacy against SFTSV. Among them, calcium channel blockers are promising because in addition to their efficacy in vitro and in vivo, retrospective clinical data have indicated that nifedipine, one of the calcium channel blockers, reduced the case fatality rate by >5-fold. Although further research is necessary to develop SFTS-specific therapy, considerable progress has been achieved in this area. Here we summarize and discuss recent advances in antiviral drugs against SFTSV.Keywords: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, antiviral, ribavirin, favipiravir Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection

Takayama-Ito

Saijo

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Especially infants, older adults and patients with chronic illnesses like cardiovascular disease or immunosuppression are at risk . Continuous variations of circulating seasonal influenza virus subtypes, dual or repeated infections during one season and limited effectivity of vaccination are major challenges …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of neopterin and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in patients with seasonal influenza: A pilot study

Pizzini

Kurz

Santifaller

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundSeasonal influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immune activation after stimulation with interferon‐gamma leads to increased production of neopterin but also results in increased tryptophan catabolism through indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Our pilot study determined neopterin serum levels and IDO activity in patients with influenza infection and investigated whether neopterin is linked to clinical outcome parameters (mortality ≤30 days, acute cardiac events (ACE) length of hospitalization, ICU admission).MethodsNeopterin concentrations were analyzed in serum samples of 40 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of influenza infection and in‐hospital treatment for >24 hours. Data were compared to values of 100 healthy blood donors and 48 age‐matched pneumonia patients. In a subgroup of 14 patients, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations, as well as kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, were analyzed.ResultsIn all influenza patients, neopterin concentrations were increased and significantly higher compared to those determined in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. Positive correlations between the duration of hospitalization and neopterin were found. Significantly higher levels of kynurenine, kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, and lower levels of tryptophan were seen in influenza patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsNeopterin seems to be related to the course of the disease and could be a valuable biomarker to identify patients at an elevated risk of a worsened outcome; however, further prospective validation studies are needed to support the here presented preliminary results.

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“…Inclusion of adjuvants may successfully recruit those necessary functional cells and initiate robust and persistent immunity in the host. These strategies, together with new candidates for universal influenza vaccines (41), offer the potential for long-term immunity with better coverage against influenza virus infection.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waning Immunity and Microbial Vaccines—Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Plotkin

Edwards

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Since the middle of the 20th century, vaccines have made a significant public health impact by controlling infectious diseases globally. Although long-term protection has been achieved with some vaccines, immunity wanes over time with others, resulting in outbreaks or epidemics of infectious diseases. Long-term protection against infectious agents that have a complex life cycle and antigenic variation remains a key challenge. Novel strategies to characterize the short-and long-term immune responses to vaccines and to induce immune responses that mimic natural infection have recently emerged. New technologies and approaches in vaccinology, such as adjuvants, delivery systems, and antigen formulations, have the potential to elicit more durable protection and fewer adverse reactions; together with in vitro systems, these technologies have the capacity to model and accelerate vaccine development. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) held a workshop on 19 September 2016 that focused on waning immunity to selected vaccines (for Bordetella pertussis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Neisseria meningitidis, influenza, mumps, and malaria), with an emphasis on identifying knowledge gaps, future research needs, and how this information can inform development of more effective vaccines for infectious diseases.

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Universal influenza virus vaccines and therapeutic antibodies

Cited by 170 publications

References 62 publications

Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection

Antiviral Drugs Against Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection

Assessment of neopterin and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in patients with seasonal influenza: A pilot study

Waning Immunity and Microbial Vaccines—Workshop of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

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