“…11,12 In 2014, a consortium of clinicians, including cardiac surgeons, cardiac anesthesiologists, and pharmacoeconomists, attempted to address the problem of defining and grading perioperative bleeding in adult cardiac surgery. 13 The universal definition for perioperative bleeding (UDPB) that they proposed is based on nine items: delayed sternal closure; chest drain blood loss; amount of RBCs transfused; use of any FFP, PLT, cryoprecipitates, prothrombin complex concentrates, recombinant activated factor VII; and presence of surgical revision/re-exploration. Based on these factors, the bleeding can be defined as insignificant, mild, moderate, severe, or massive.…”