“…The tension between specificity of metadata schemes and a genericity which enables interoperability is nothing new (e.g., Guéret et al, 2013). We see similar debates around the emergence of universal classifications in the bibliographic domain at the beginning of the twentieth century (e.g., Dewey and UDC) (McIlwaine, 2010); reinforced with the introduction of automatization in classification and indexing (Svenonius, 2000); and reappearing in a different shape with the emergence of web services. Currently, (traditional) phrases as crosswalks, alignment, catalogues mark the quest for interoperability in the growing universe of domain specific ontologies, classifications, thesauri which become semantic artefacts when living in the web (Hugo et al, 2020;European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation et al, 2021).…”