Universal and General Quantum Simultaneous Secret Distribution with Dense Coding by Using One-Dimensional High-Level Cluster States

Abstract

A universal and general quantum simultaneous secret distribution (QSSD) protocol is put forward based on the properties of the one-dimensional high-level cluster states, in which one sender dispatches different high-level classical secret messages to many users at the same time. Due to the idea of quantum dense coding, the sender can send different two-dit classical messages (two d-level classical numbers) to different receivers simultaneously by using a one-dimensional d-level cluster state, which means that the information capacity is up to the maximal. To estimate the security of quantum channels, a new eavesdropping check strategy is put forward. Meanwhile, a new attack model, the general individual attack is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that the new eavesdropping check strategy can effectively prevent the traditional attacks including the general individual attack. In addition, multiparty quantum secret report (MQSR, the same as quantum simultaneous secret submission (QSSS)) in which different users submit their different messages to one user simultaneously can be gotten if the QSSD protocol is changed a little.