Universal access

Sawhney, Harmeet; Jayakar, Krishna

doi:10.1002/aris.2007.1440410111

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One of the most challenging issues for digital government systems is the need to serve all citizens (Sawhney & Jayakar, 2007). The many reasons that citizens might not be able to use e‐government include: Lack of trust, which creates a barrier to engaging with e‐government in the first place Lack of accessibility, which may frustrate users with disabilities in their early experience Lack of usability, which may frustrate users (with or without disabilities) in their early experience …”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital government

Robertson

Vatrapu

2010

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

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digital cities" online. This section also looks at the dramatic growth in the use of ICT for interaction with government entities and politicians. The next section is a wideranging treatment of "e-participation," covering digital citizenship, political campaigning online, electronic voting, e-rulemaking, political information seeking, blogging, social networking, and the possibility of virtual public spheres inhabited by non-co-located "netizens." After briefly examining the digital government-related technologies of geographic information systems and urban simulation, we conclude by looking at challenges such as access inequities, trust, power, and civic identity. Information and GovernmentBimber (2003) describes the central role of "information" in Alexander Hamilton's The Federalist, a pre-constitution treatise meant to convince the public about the merits of a federal republic for the emerging United States. He points out that the word "information" appears "about three dozen times in The Federalist" (p. 35) and that the importance of information is emphasized in a wide variety of areas including manufacturing, commerce, taxation, the distribution of citizens across large distances, the power of factions, and politics. The concept of a single democratic polity distributed over such a vast geographical expanse as was envisioned by the Founding Fathers (more vast than they imagined, as it turned out) was novel and problematic. The structure of the federal government, particularly the Electoral College, can be seen in part as an information and knowledge management solution of the time, in addition to its role as a process for implementing representative democracy in a geographically sprawling country.In the next century, the United States introduced systems of relatively inexpensive daily newspapers and universal, flat-rate mail service that greatly expanded the information environment (Fang, 1997;Schudson, 1998). Some scholars argue that these early information technologies deeply influenced citizens' feeling of common identity and sense of democratic purpose (Bimber, 2003;Schudson, 1998). In modern times, of course, radio and then television have been the dominant communication technologies. Their influence on government and politics has been widely Putnam, 1995) and will not be discussed further here except to note that these technologies are non-collaborative, one-way, broadcast technologies. The information and communication technology that concerns us in this chapter is digital technology: the Internet and all of its manifestations (email, the World Wide Web, instant messaging, social networking, and virtual worlds) and mobile information and communication technologies such as cell phones and global positioning systems. There is no question that these technologies are becoming more central to the way governments work now and will work in the future (Agre

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Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital government

Robertson

Vatrapu

2010

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

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“…The most recent was by Sandra Braman (2006), covering the literature on the micro‐ and macroeconomics of information, a literature that she describes as now vast, noting that attempts to create online databases of the literature have fallen by the wayside. Harmeet Sawhney and Krishna Jayakar's (2007) review of the literature on universal access and Nancy Kranich and Jorge Reina Schement's (2008) review of the information commons literature provide recent coverage of aspects of the topic. Other ARIST reviews of particular value to this chapter are Lamberton's (1984a) review of the milestones in the literature up to the early 1980s, Aatto Repo's (1987) review of the literature from the viewpoint of information services, Michael Koenig's (1990) review of information services and productivity, and Sheila Webber's (1998) review of the pricing of online information services.…”

Section: Economics Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic theory as it applies to public sector information

Nilsen¹

2010

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

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IntroductionThis chapter 1 reviews the economics literature pertaining to public sector information. In addition, the economic arguments put forward in government studies and policy documents are reviewed, focusing on the current push for harmonization of public sector information policy across the European Union and the debate as to which model of information dissemination is preferable (i.e., the U.S. open access model versus the more restrictive European model). Some works by economists that appeared in the library and information science (LIS) and other literatures are covered, but the LIS literature in general is not reviewed.The term "public sector information" (PSI) is used here rather than "government information" or "official information." The terms are synonymous, although PSI can be construed more broadly, to include any information produced by public sector bodies, including cultural and educational institutions. Public sector information (and content) is any kind of information that is produced and/or collected by a public body as part of the institution's mandated role. It is directly generated by, and associated with, the functioning of the public sector and is readily useable in commercial applications (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, Working Party on the Economy, 2006). As will be discussed, the economic value of its commercial use is the focus of much recent attention in Europe.The chapter begins with a brief summary of neoclassical economic theory, including the concepts of market failure and public goods, to lay the groundwork for the review. Readers familiar with these concepts may wish to move directly to the section on the economics of information. The literature on the history of information economics; the definitions of information used by economists; and their concepts of information as a public good, as a commodity, and as a contributor to social value are addressed. The review then focuses on the economic arguments and rationalization for public sector versus private sector supply of information, the impact of PSI on general economic efficiency, commercial re-use, value adding, and revenue generation. Then the literature on the pricing of information and the arguments around the imposition of user fees for PSI, and, finally, the arguments for CHAPTER 10 419 and against copyrighting PSI are reviewed. The vast literature on the economics of e-government and of privatization is not addressed. Neoclassical Economic TheoryNeoclassical economic theory and social welfare theory are of particular interest for this review because both underlie the development of the economics of information. As Nobel economist Donald Lamberton pointed out (1994a), neoclassical economics provided a base and a language for information economics, which was necessary in order to keep an open dialogue with the economics profession, as well as with international and national decision makers in industry and government.According to the neoclassic...

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Introduction

Batura¹

2015

Universal Service in WTO and EU Law

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Universal access

Cited by 7 publications

References 100 publications

Digital government

Digital government

Economic theory as it applies to public sector information

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