“…We propose that fully understanding the meaning of these data will often require complexity scientists to model them as time series. Examples include data collected by sensors (CRS, 2020;Evans, 2011), every day natural language (e.g., Bentley et al, 2018;Ross et al, 2020;Reagan et al, 2016;Chu et al, 2017), biomonitors (Gharehbaghi and Lindén, 2018), waterflow, barometric pressure and other routine environmental condition meters (e.g., Hamami and Dahlan, 2020;Javed et al, 2020a;Ewen, 2011), social media interactions (e.g., De Bie et al, 2016;Javed and Lee, 2018, and hourly financial data reported by fluctuating world stock and currency markets (Lasfer et al, 2013). In response to the increasing amounts of time-oriented data available to analysts, the applications of time-series modeling are growing rapidly (e.g., Minaudo et al, 2017;Dupas et al, 2015;Mather and Johnson, 2015;Bende-Michl et al, 2013;Iorio et al, 2018;Gupta and Chatterjee, 2018;Pirim et al, 2012;Souto et al, 2008;Flanagan et al, 2017).…”