United Nations peacekeeping and terrorism: short-term risks and long-term benefits

Hansen, Holley E.; Nemeth, Stephen C.; Mauslein, Jacob A.

doi:10.1080/03050629.2020.1725500

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…While we expect UN PKOs to affect rebels' choice of terrorism in civil wars (as others have also shown, see Hansen et al, 2020), we reiterate the need to consider which factors enable rebels' adaptation. PKOs are not deployed in a vacuum; their effect on belligerents' behaviour is influenced by pre-existing local conditions and by the specific responses of the warring parties to changes brought about by the PKO (Di Salvatore, 2018).…”

Section: Changes In Strategic Environment and Bargaining Power: When ...mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…This literature, however, is surprisingly silent on the effects of PKOs on rebel terrorism, even though terrorist tactics are frequent during civil wars. One important exception is Hansen et al’s work (2020) which examines the relationship between peacekeepers’ presence and subnational terrorism in 12 African countries, finding increased risk in the short term but reduced risk in the long run. While this study is an important benchmark, it does not explicitly examine which actors are more likely to increasingly rely on terrorism and why.…”

Section: Previous Research On Terrorism In Civil War and Peacekeepingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluate our argument using a large-N dataset that includes 103 conflicts and 197 rebel-government dyads – with the dyad-month as unit of analysis – from 1989 to 2011. Focusing on rebel-government dyads, our approach allows for an actor-level analysis of the effect of PKOs on rebel terrorism and a direct test of the mechanism of tactical adaptation, which cannot be examined in cross-national or even subnational settings that do not disaggregate actors’ use of violence (Hansen et al, 2020). Our results show that, overall, the number of UN Blue Helmets, rather than the mere presence of a UN PKO, diminishes the risk of terrorism and the level of terrorism by rebels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do UN peace operations lead to more terrorism? Repertoires of rebel violence and third-party interventions

Salvatore

Polo

Ruggeri

2022

European Journal of International Relations

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Recent research suggests that UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) reduce conventional violence. However, rebel groups have been increasingly using a combination of conventional and non-conventional violence, for example, terrorism. Little is known about whether and under which conditions PKOs shape rebels’ incentives to resort to more terrorism. At the same time, existing research on the use of terrorism in civil wars primarily focuses on domestic factors, thus overlooking the impact of external shocks such as the deployment of PKOs. We argue that PKOs can have critical unintended consequences inducing tactical adaptation in rebel violence as they alter the government-rebels balance of power. Particularly, rebel groups that are militarily strong prior to the UN arrival are incentivized to escalate terrorist violence to overcome the physical barrier imposed by PKO forces and improve their bargaining position vis-à-vis the government. Weaker groups, which in the absence of PKOs are more likely to use terrorism, have not only limited capacity but also fewer incentives to escalate terrorism when PKOs deploy. Leveraging new disaggregated data on rebel terrorist attacks during civil wars, we provide the first global actor-level analysis of the relationship between PKO deployments and changes in rebels’ tactical preferences for terrorist violence. We find that, conditional on initial government-rebels power relations, PKOs can make terrorism the weapon of the strong. Our study sheds light on the unintended effects of peacekeeping, the causes of terrorism, and offers important policy implications for several current PKOs deployed in the midst of violence.

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Section: Changes In Strategic Environment and Bargaining Power: When ...mentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Previous Research On Terrorism In Civil War and Peacekeepingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do UN peace operations lead to more terrorism? Repertoires of rebel violence and third-party interventions

Salvatore

Polo

Ruggeri

2022

European Journal of International Relations

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“…It underscores that the Indonesian National Police have the authority to actively participate in peace missions organized by the United Nations. This reflects Indonesia's commitment to international peace and security by contributing its police personnel to UN peacekeeping operations (Hinkkainen Elliott, Polo, & Reyes, 2021;Hansen, Nemeth, & Mauslein, 2020).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Making Combating Cyberterrorism A Glo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal challenges of combating international cyberterrorism: the NCB Interpol Indonesia and global cooperation

Masyhar,

Utari,

Usman

et al. 2023

LJIH

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This paper explores the important role played by the National Central Bureau (NCB) Interpol Indonesia in confronting the complex juridical challenges posed by international cyberterrorism and the relationship between the digital domain and international legal norms, offering insights into how NCB Interpol Indonesia manages this intricate landscape to combat transnational threats. It highlights the critical imperative of establishing a robust legal framework tailored to address the multifaceted dimensions of cyberterrorism, with a steadfast commitment to upholding human rights while maintaining the efficacy of counterterrorism initiatives. The paper examines NCB Interpol Indonesia’s approach to the legal aspects of counterterrorism, shedding light on their role in fostering international cooperation, extradition agreements, and the exchange of critical information. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the challenges associated with reconciling domestic laws and international obligations in the face of rapidly evolving digital tactics employed by terrorist entities. NCB Interpol Indonesia’s experience provides a compelling case study of how a national bureau interfaces with global legal principles, necessitating adaptability, collaboration, and a nuanced understanding of the ever-changing digital terrain. By exploring these juridical challenges, this paper contributes to the broader discourse on counterterrorism in the digital age, with valuable insights into the multifaceted role of NCB Interpol Indonesia and the legal frameworks that underpin their efforts.

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United Nations peacekeeping and terrorism: short-term risks and long-term benefits

Cited by 2 publications

References 79 publications

Do UN peace operations lead to more terrorism? Repertoires of rebel violence and third-party interventions

Do UN peace operations lead to more terrorism? Repertoires of rebel violence and third-party interventions

Legal challenges of combating international cyberterrorism: the NCB Interpol Indonesia and global cooperation

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