Unit verification: the CARA experience

Ray, Arnab; Cleaveland, Rance

doi:10.1007/s10009-003-0134-5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…() The pacemaker software is validated in papers, () while previous studies() contribute to develop a new step that consists in translating the model into machine code. The infusion pump case study is modeled, (), verified, () and validated() by using different tools and languages. Masci et al and Mauro et al present an approach for generating the machine code starting from the formal model, and in other studies,() authors use different approaches to validate software.…”

Section: Classification and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

Bonfanti

Gargantini

Mashkoor

2018

J Software Evolu Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of formal methods is often recommended to guarantee the provision of necessary services and to assess the correctness of critical properties, such as functional safety, cybersecurity, and reliability, in medical and health care devices. In the past, several formal and rigorous methods have been proposed and consequently applied for trustworthy development of medical software and systems. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature review on the available state of the art in this domain. We collect the relevant literature on the use of formal methods for modeling, design, development, verification, and validation of software-intensive medical systems. We apply standard systematic literature review techniques and run several queries in well-known repositories to obtain information that can be useful for people who are either already working in this field or planning to start. Our study covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the subject. KEYWORDSformal methods, systematic literature review, medical device software INTRODUCTIONIn modern medical devices, human safety depends upon the correct operation of software controlling the device: Software malfunctioning can cause injuries to, or even the death of, patients. A crucial issue is how to guarantee that medical software has all the qualities (eg, safety, security, and dependability) expected for critical components. One way to improve and assess software quality, as suggested by literature, 1-3 is to use formal methods or in general rigorous methods for design, validation, and verification of medical software. Some processes for improvement of medical standards, based on formal approaches, have already been proposed, 4-6 although their adoption in industrial applications is rather limited.The overall aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to provide guidance to researchers starting to work on this topic and (2) to assess the state of the art that is more useful for researchers already working on this subject. We have applied a systematic literature review (SLR) process to the topic of rigorous methods for designing and validation of medical software and systems by following the guidelines presented in literature 7-9 with slight improvements such as a wider range of repositories is queried for information retrieval and the subject is covered from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Through this analysis, we give an overview of the research literature about formal methods applications to model, to verify, and to validate medical systems. Moreover, we include processes and tools that translate models written using formal languages in machine code. We would like to underline that the SLR carried out in this work considers only formal methods applied to medical device/software. Other processes applied to medical device/software are outside of our goal (eg, code implementation, testing, 8 and hardware configuration).The goals of our SLR are (1) to gather a sufficient number of relevant articles, (2) to perform a series of analyses, and (3) to p...

show abstract

Section: Classification and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review of the use of formal methods in medical software systems

Bonfanti

Gargantini

Mashkoor

2018

J Software Evolu Process

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We use the CARA (Computer-Aided Resuscitation Algorithm) infusion pump control system [1], [17] as a running example. It is a software system developed to drive a high output infusion pump used for fluid resuscitation of patients suffering from conditions that lead to hypotension, based on the collected data on blood pressure.…”

Section: Example: Cara Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal Consistency Checking over Specifications in Natural Languages

Yan¹,

Cheng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Early stages of system development involve outlining desired features such as functionality, availability, or usability. Specifications are derived from these features that concretize vague ideas presented in natural languages. The challenge for the verification and validation of specifications arises from the syntax and semantic gap between different representations and the need of automatic tools. In this paper, we present a requirementconsistency maintenance framework to produce consistent representations. The first part is the automatic translation from natural languages describing functionalities to formal logic with an abstraction of time. It extends pure syntactic parsing by adding semantic reasoning and the support of partitioning input and output variables. The second part is the use of synthesis techniques to examine if the requirements are consistent in terms of realizability. When the process fails, the formulas that cause the inconsistency are reported to locate the problem.

show abstract

“…One example of successful application of this approach is provided by (Ray and Cleaveland, 2004), where Ray and Cleaveland used this idea to good effect in verifying a medical-device model. (In that paper, the verification method is called 'unit verification'.)…”

Section: Some Uses Of Bisimilarity Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%