Malinvaud stands as one of the enduring …gures of 20th century economics. His passing is a sad and permanent loss to the French academy, to the profession at large, and to the world of econometrics where he reinstated in our discipline the rigor of the Cowles Commission researchers of the 1940s and delivered a uni…ed thematic for the …eld that echoed the genius of Ragnar Frisch." 1