Unit activity in prefrontal cortex during delayed-response performance: neuronal correlates of transient memory.

Fuster, Joaquı́n M.

doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.1.61

Cited by 922 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2-ANOVA-R revealed a significant effect of clonidine (F(6,30) ϭ 3 .10, p Ͻ .02) and a significant effect of delay (F(4,20) ϭ 13.623, p Ͻ .0001). been shown to decrease delay-related firing in PFC neurons (Fuster 1973). Performance following the longest delays in this study likely involved prefrontal cortex interactions with hippocampal and medial temporal cortical regions, as the hippocampal complex is needed for delays greater than 10 seconds (Zola-Morgan et al 1989).…”

Section: Delay Analysismentioning

confidence: 60%

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Franowicz

Arnsten

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Section: Delay Analysismentioning

confidence: 60%

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Franowicz

Arnsten

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Single unit recording studies of delayedresponse tasks in monkeys find that DLPFC neurons are persistently active during the delay (e.g., Funahashi et al, 1989;Fuster, 1973). In the typical spatial delayed-response task, the expected motor response is determined at the initial stimulus presentation and is therefore known during the delay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying regional activity associated with temporally separated components of working memory using event-related functional MRI

et al. 2003

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This study describes the neural circuitry underlying temporally separated components of working memory (WM) performance-stimulus encoding, maintenance of information during a delay, and the response to a probe. While other studies have applied event-related fMRI to separate epochs of WM tasks, this study differs in that it employs a methodology that does not make any a priori assumptions about the shape of the hemodynamic response (HDR). This is important because no one model of the HDR is valid across the range of activated brain regions and stimulus types. Systematic modeling inaccuracies may lead to the misattribution of activity to adjacent events. Twelve healthy subjects performed a numerical version of the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm adapted for rapid presentation event-related fMRI. This paradigm emphasized maintenance rather than manipulative WM processes and used a subcapacity WM load. WM trials with different delay lengths were compared to fixation. The HDR of the entire WM trial for each trial type was estimated using a finite impulse response (FIR). Regional activity associated with the Encode, Delay, and Probe epochs was identified using contrasts that were based on the FIR estimates and by examining the HDRs. Each epoch was associated with a distinct but overlapping pattern of regional activity. Activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia was exclusively associated with the probe. This suggests that frontostriatal neural circuitry participates in selecting an appropriate response based on the contents of WM.

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“…Thus, the time scale of working memory is from milliseconds to minutes. Lesion and brain imaging studies mostly relate working memory to the prefrontal cortex (Owen 1997;Fuster 1973;Cohen et al 1997). …”

Section: Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ongoing activity can be perturbed by an external stimulus that also hinders the execution of the task (Fuster 1973). (2) Working memory-activity (theoretical) Eligibility traces can be used as a very simple memory system (Suri and Schultz 1999;Porr and Wörgötter 2003); however, the physiological basis is not verified.…”

Section: Links Between Time Scales Of Memory and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

et al. 2012

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If we stored every bit of input, the storage capacity of our nervous system would be reached after only about 10 days. The nervous system relies on at least two mechanisms that counteract this capacity limit: compression and forgetting. But the latter mechanism needs to know how long an entity should be stored: some memories are relevant only for the next few minutes, some are important even after the passage of several years. Psychology and physiology have found and described many different memory mechanisms, and these mechanisms indeed use different time scales. In this prospect we review these mechanisms with respect to their time scale and propose relations between mechanisms in learning and memory and their underlying physiological basis.

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Unit activity in prefrontal cortex during delayed-response performance: neuronal correlates of transient memory.

Cited by 922 publications

References 23 publications

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Identifying regional activity associated with temporally separated components of working memory using event-related functional MRI

Time scales of memory, learning, and plasticity

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