Unit activity in brain stem reticular formation of the rat during learning.

Kornblith, Carol L.; Olds, James L.

doi:10.1152/jn.1973.36.3.489

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The greatest rate of firing occurred just before or coincidentally with the behavioral response. These results agree with those of past studies indicating that the firing of RF neurons is modulated by phasically presented novel sensory stimuli (Parker et al, 1974;Pragay, Mirsky, Ray, Turner, & Mirsky, 1978), variation of the associative significance of stimuli (Buchwald et al,1966;Halas et al, 1970;Hirano et al, 1970;Kornblith & Olds, 1973;Malmo & Malmo, 1982;Olds et al, 1969;Pragay et al, 1978;Vertes & Miller, 1976;), and in relation to the occurrence of locomotion and other forms of movement (Keller, 1974;Malmo & Malmo, 1982;Mori, Shik, & Yagodnitsyn, 1977;Siegel & McGinty, 1977;Vertes, 1979). Unprecedented findings of this study were the very rapid development during training of brief-latency discriminative neuronal discharges in the rostral pontine RF, the more rapid development of discriminative activity in the rostral than in the caudal pontine RF, and the occurrence of both discrimi-native and movement-related activity at a significantly greater magnitude in the pontine RF than in the midbrain RF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A considerable body of past research has implicated the brain stem reticular formation (RF) in the neural mediation of conditioning and other forms of behavioral plasticity (Buchwald, Halas, & Schramm, 1966; DeVietti, Wittman, Emmerson, & Thacher, 1981; Halas, Beardsley, & Sandlie, 1970; Hirano, Best, & Olds, 1970; Kesner & Conner, 1974; Kornblith & Olds, 1973; Lavond, McCormick, Clark, Holmes, & Thompson, 1981; Lindsley, Ranf, Sherwood, & Preston, 1972; Norman, Buchwald, & Villablanca, 1977; Olds, Mink, & Best, 1969; Parker, Miller, & Groves, 1974; Vertes & Miller, 1976; Yoshi & Ogura, 1960; Yoshi, Pruvot, & Gastaut, 1957). The results from a subset of these studies (Buchwald et al, 1966; Halas et al, 1970; Kesner & Conner, 1974; Lavond et al, 1981; Yoshi & Ogura, 1960; Yoshi et al, 1957) were especially favorable to the idea of an important contribution of the RF to the very early stage of behavioral acquisition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brain stem reticular formation neuronal correlates of stimulus significance and behavior during discriminative avoidance conditioning in rabbits.

Gabriel¹,

Gregg²,

Clancy³

et al. 1986

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Multiple-unit activity in the reticular formation of the midbrain and pons was recorded in rabbits during discriminative conditioning of locomotor (wheel-running) avoidance behavior. The conditional stimuli (CS+ and CS-) were pure tones of different auditory frequency, and the unconditional stimulus (US) was a constant-current footshock (1.5-2.5 mA) delivered through the grid floor of the wheel. The pontine, but not the midbrain, sites manifested development during behavioral acquisition, of brief-latency (10-40-ms) discriminative neuronal discharges (i.e., greater discharges to the CS+ than to the CS-). The greatest magnitude of the discriminative discharges in the rostral pontine loci occurred in the first conditioning session. The discriminative response in the caudal loci developed more slowly, and it persisted to the criterial stage of training. Both rostral and caudal pontine loci, during the interval from CS onset to US onset, manifested a progressive build-up of neuronal firing in anticipation of the behavioral response. The occurrence in the rostral and caudal pontine areas, respectively, of early- and late-developing discriminative discharges is analogous to effects observed in past studies in the limbic mesocortical and thalamic systems. These findings provide a basis for establishing the possible functional relatedness or independence of these analogous effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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Brain stem reticular formation neuronal correlates of stimulus significance and behavior during discriminative avoidance conditioning in rabbits.

Gabriel¹,

Gregg²,

Clancy³

et al. 1986

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…It is known that the nuclei in the reticular formation of brain stem have long, ascending and descending projections to influence the limbic system and cerebral cortex, directly or indirectly. There are also reports suggesting a significant relation between reticular formation and learning and memory 39,40 . A series of studies to acquire more substantial evidence on the relationship of pathological changes in the brain to the cognitive changes is ongoing in our laboratory.…”

Section: Pathologic Phenotypes In Sammentioning

confidence: 96%

Senescence‐Accelerated Mouse (SAM): A Novel Murine Model of Accelerated Senescence

Takeda

Hosokawa

Higuchi

1991

J American Geriatrics Society

424

243

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n animal model for accelerated senescence named the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAM) was developed in our laboratory (Department of Senescence Biology, formerly Department of Pathology, Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University) beginning in 1970. In this review, the circumstances related to development of SAM, characteristics of aging, pathologic phenotypes, and genetic background of this model are described. CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEVELOPMENTSeveral pairs of the AKR/J strain of mice were donated by the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine, USA) to the Department of Pathology, Chest Disease Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, in 1968.' While continuing the sister-brother mating to maintain this inbred strain, we became aware of the presence of certain litters in which most of the mice showed a moderate to severe degree of loss of activity, hair loss and lack of glossiness, skin coarseness, periophthalmic lesions,* increased lordokyphosis of the spine, and shortened life span despite the relatively low incidence of thymic lymphoma. We were also aware of inheritance of these phenotypes by the following generations ( Figure 1). As the progenitor of senescence-prone series (P series), five litters with severe exhaustion were selected. Litters in which the aging process was normal were also selected as the progenitors of the senescenceresistant series (R series).' Selecting these progenitors, normal was defined a5 follows: for the preceding three generations, the mean life span had to be more than 16 months and the grading score of senescence less than 2.0 at 8 months of age.3Thereafter, in addition to the routine sister-brother mating, selective breeding was applied based on the data of the grading score of senescence, life span, and pathologic phenotypes. From each of the selected litters with severe exhaustion, five different series designated

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“…Kornblith and Olds (1973) demonstrated that a reorganization of activity of this region precedes behavioral change during classical conditioning. Over repeated trials, cells of the reticular formation showed a tendency to stabilize at the initiation of new presentations of the CS.…”

Section: Sites Of Neuronal Plasticity In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Cohen

1993

Critical Issues in Neuropsychology

210

118

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher An unfortunate case of "hemispatial" inattention. ("M Babinet prevenu par sa portiere de Ia visite de Ia comete." From Le Charivari, 1858, by Honore Daumier. Babcock Bequest; Courtesy of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.) PrefaceAt the beginning of this project, I was struck by several paradoxes regarding the study of attentional phenomena within neuropsychology. On one hand, the concept of attention has been central to the historical development of psychology. Attention was considered a fundamental and inescapable aspect of human experience by Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and the other founders of modern psychology. On the other hand, for much of the 20th century, psychologists tried desperately to avoid acknowledging the need for an attentional construct. Because attention has an intangible quality and cannot be specified as a unitary process, many behavioral scientists considered the construct of attention theoretically incoherent. Some of their concerns regarding the nature of attentional phenomena were clearly justified. It is also apparent, however, that explanations of behavior and cognition that fail to account for attentional phenomena cannot fully capture human experience.Recently, there has been a shift in zeitgeist, and attention has received more favorable treatment within the cognitive neurosciences. Humans cannot handle an infinite amount of simultaneous information. Therefore, cognitive processes must exist that direct our focus to information that is important, and that permit the selection of stimuli and responses from the large universe of alternatives. Regardless of whether one advocates the existence of a discrete attentional process, it is necessary to account for the occurrence of those phenomena that we normally label as aspects of attention. Consideration of the mechanisms underlying the selection of information and the control of stimulus and response processes is critical if we hope to understand human cognitive experience.The necessity of studying the mechanisms underlying attentional phenomena is particularly evident within neuropsychology. Patients with brain disorders frequently do not perform at optimal levels, even when task variables are held constant. They may fail to detect an object in the environment, even though it can be demonstrated that they have adequate perceptual capability. Reference to performance deficits stemming from attentional dysfunction is common in cl...

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Unit activity in brain stem reticular formation of the rat during learning.

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Brain stem reticular formation neuronal correlates of stimulus significance and behavior during discriminative avoidance conditioning in rabbits.

Brain stem reticular formation neuronal correlates of stimulus significance and behavior during discriminative avoidance conditioning in rabbits.

Senescence‐Accelerated Mouse (SAM): A Novel Murine Model of Accelerated Senescence

The Neuropsychology of Attention

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