Unique viral capsid assembly protein gene (g20) of cyanophages in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field

Wang, Guanghua; Murase, Jun; Asakawa, Susumu; Kimura, Makoto

doi:10.1007/s00374-009-0410-y

Cited by 25 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Cyanophage (phage) capsids are widely classified based on their structure and their interactions with their hosts (8,59,67). Some of them have developed more complicated structures or even affect the efficiency of host bacterium infection (57,63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Cyanophage with a Cyanobacterial Nonbleaching Protein A Gene in the Genome

Gao

Gui

Zhang

2012

J Virol

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A cyanophage, PaV-LD, has been isolated from harmful filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii in Lake Donghu, a shallow freshwater lake in China. Here, we present the cyanophage's genomic organization and major structural proteins. The genome is a 95,299-bp-long, linear double-stranded DNA and contains 142 potential genes. BLAST searches revealed 29 proteins of known function in cyanophages, cyanobacteria, or bacteria. Thirteen major structural proteins ranging in size from 27 kDa to 172 kDa were identified by SDS-PAGE and mass-spectrometric analysis. The genome lacks major genes that are necessary to the tail structure, and the tailless PaV-LD has been confirmed by an electron microscopy comparison with other tail cyanophages and phages. Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid proteins also reveals an independent branch of PaV-LD that is quite different from other known tail cyanophages and phages. Moreover, the unique genome carries a nonbleaching protein A (NblA) gene (open reading frame [ORF] 022L), which is present in all phycobilisome-containing organisms and mediates phycobilisome degradation. Western blot detection confirmed that 022L was expressed after PaV-LD infection in the host filamentous cyanobacterium. In addition, its appearance was companied by a significant decline of phycocyanobilin content and a color change of the cyanobacterial cells from blue-green to yellow-green. The biological function of PaV-LD nblA was further confirmed by expression in a model cyanobacterium via an integration platform, by spectroscopic analysis and electron microscopy observation. The data indicate that PaV-LD is an exceptional cyanophage of filamentous cyanobacteria, and this novel cyanophage will also provide us with a new vision of the cyanophage-host interactions. Cyanophages are one kind of planktonic viruses that infect cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Cyanophages and phages have amazing amounts of genetic diversity and biological activity in water environments (33,34,40,54). In either a freshwater or saltwater environment, cyanophages are ubiquitous and play an important role in water ecosystems (46,52,61,66). Generally, the complete genome sequences of cyanophages can provide significant clues for better understanding of the biological properties, ecological effects, and coevolutionary relationships between cyanophages and their hosts (10,17,18,21,27,29). Some cyanophage genomes have been sequenced (32,35,44,49,51,60,64), which has revealed the presence of cyanobacterial genes involved in central energy metabolism and their host's survival. For examples, some photosynthesis-related genes (psbA, hliP, and PSII) and stress-response genes (coding for chaperones and genes associated with bacterial motility and chemotaxis) have been described in cyanophages (4, 5, 31, 36, 47), most of which are transcribed together with essential cyanophage replication-related genes (6, 13, 30, 65). Moreover, a nonbleaching protein A (NblA) gene has been found from a lytic phage, Ma-LMM01, infecting Microcystis aerugi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Cyanophage with a Cyanobacterial Nonbleaching Protein A Gene in the Genome

Gao

Gui

Zhang

2012

J Virol

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“…Also, the diversity, abundance, or structure of cyanomyoviruses can vary between stations of the same lake (21) or ocean (15,18,27). When sampled from a single location, it has also been shown that abundance and community structure and/or diversity of these cyanophages can vary with time (11,12,16,20,23,28,29) and depth (13,27). Together, these studies reflect distinct temporal, vertical, and/or geographical distribution patterns of cyanomyoviruses across aquatic environments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The genetic diversity of this group has been examined using the T4-like portal protein-encoding gene g20 as a molecular marker in different locations of both marine and freshwater ecosystems (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and even in paddy soils (25). Distinct cyanomyoviruses could be detected in freshwater (12,18,21,26) and paddy soil (25) ecosystems in comparison to their marine counterpart.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Viral Photosynthetic and Capsid Protein Genes from Cyanophages in Two Large and Deep Perialpine Lakes

Zhong

Jacquet

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cyanophages are important components of aquatic ecosystems, but their genetic diversity has been little investigated in freshwaters. A yearlong survey was conducted in surface waters of the two largest natural perialpine lakes in France (Lake Annecy and Lake Bourget) to investigate part of this cyanophage diversity through the analysis of both structural (e.g., g20) and functional (e.g., psbA) genes. We found that these cyanophage signature genes were prevalent throughout the year but that the community compositions of g20 cyanomyoviruses were significantly different between the two lakes. In contrast, psbA-containing cyanophages seemed to be more similar between the two ecosystems. We also found that a large proportion of g20 sequences grouped with cyanomyophage isolates. psbA sequences, belonging to phages of Synechococcus spp., were characterized by distinct triplet motifs (with a novel viral triplet motif, EFE). Thus, our results show that cyanophages (i) are a diverse viral community in alpine lakes and (ii) are clearly distinct from some other freshwater and marine environments, suggesting the influence of unique biogeographic factors.

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“…Other studies, however, have identified compositional variation among locations. In these cases, the patterns appear to be related to salinity, whereby freshwaters harbor cyanophage taxa not found in marine habitats (Short & Suttle 2005, Chénard & Suttle 2008, Sullivan et al 2008, Wang et al 2010. Indeed, we know of only 1 study that found evidence for genetically distinct cyanophage communities across relatively small (<100 km) scales within a marine system (Frederickson et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and temporal dynamics of Southern California coastal marine cyanophage isolates

Clasen¹,

Hanson²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Marine ecosystems contain an immense diversity of phages, many of which infect the cyanobacteria responsible for a portion of oceanic primary productivity. To add to the growing body of research on the dynamics and diversity of these cyanophages, we measured cyanophage abundance, diversity, and community composition monthly for 15 mo at 3 coastal locations in Southern California, USA. We characterized over 900 individual cyanophages, isolated on Synechococcus sp. WH7803, by amplifying and sequencing 2 different genes from each isolate: g20 (the portal protein gene) and psbA (a host-derived gene involved in photosynthesis). The taxonomic composition and diversity of isolated cyanophages were highly variable over time, with little variation across the 3 locations. Particular taxa dominated the community at distinct times of year, with more rapid turnover of dominant types and higher overall abundance and diversity during spring and summer. These temporal patterns as well as taxonomic designations were highly congruent for both genes, based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) defined at 99% nucleotide similarity, despite a greater level of amino acid conservation within psbA as compared to g20. Overall, this suggests that either gene can serve as a useful marker for cyanophage diversity. However, we detected 1 myovirus taxon (representing about 2.5% of the isolates) of uncertain phylogenetic affiliation that was negative for psbA amplification. Further sampling is necessary to assess whether these temporal dynamics in cyanophage composition, diversity, and abundance are seasonally recurring.

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Unique viral capsid assembly protein gene (g20) of cyanophages in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

A Novel Cyanophage with a Cyanobacterial Nonbleaching Protein A Gene in the Genome

A Novel Cyanophage with a Cyanobacterial Nonbleaching Protein A Gene in the Genome

Prevalence of Viral Photosynthetic and Capsid Protein Genes from Cyanophages in Two Large and Deep Perialpine Lakes

Diversity and temporal dynamics of Southern California coastal marine cyanophage isolates

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