Unique phenotype of opaque cells in the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans

Anderson, Julia M.; Soll, David R.

doi:10.1128/jb.169.12.5579-5588.1987

Cited by 227 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

248

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since each experiment was performed with a new opaque clone derived from the original stock cultures of strain WO-1, this variability appeared to be clonal. Clonal variability has also been observed for hypha formation (Anderson & Soll, 1989) and may be the result of high-frequency rearrangements or transposition of the moderately repeated sequence Ca7 (Soll et al, 1987a and c ;Hicks eta!., 1989). Regardless of the initial level of white cells in the opaque populations, low levels of UV irradiation also caused an increase in the absolute number of white colonies just as it caused an increase in the absolute number of opaque colonies in a treated white cell population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anderson & D. R. Soll, unpublished); and (7) constraints on the bud-hypha transition (Anderson et al, 1989). The white-opaque transition includes many of the traits of the original switching system characterized in C. albicans strain 3153A (Soll & Kraft, 1988), including (1) a relatively high frequency of switching; (2) a high frequency of reversibility ; and (3) a limited number of alternative phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bidirectional Stimulation of the White-Opaque Transition of Candida albicans by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Morrow

Anderson²,

Wilson³

et al. 1989

Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1201Most strains of Candida albicans are capable of switching spontaneously and at high frequency between a number of phenotypes distinguishable by colony morphology. The switching frequency of Candida albicans strain WO-1 between two predominant phenotypes, 'white' and 'opaque', and a minor phenotype, 'fuzzy', increased dramatically with low doses of ultraviolet irradiation that killed less than 20% of the population. The ultraviolet irradiation effect continued to be expressed over many generations as evidenced by stimulated sectoring. Ultraviolet irradiation stimulated switching in both the white-to-opaque and opaque-to-white direction, suggesting that a common mechanism functions in both directions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Stimulation of the White-Opaque Transition of Candida albicans by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Morrow

Anderson²,

Wilson³

et al. 1989

Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…C. parapsilosis strains were grown routinely in YPD medium (1 % yeast extract, 2 % peptone, 2 % glucose) at 30 uC and maintained on YPD agar (2 % agar). Where indicated, phloxine B was added at a concentration of 5 mg ml 21 (Anderson & Soll, 1987). For biofilm development, YPD medium with a glucose concentration of 8 % was used (Shin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not, however, detect any phenotypes that were readily identifiable as 'rough' or 'snowball', and instead identified a fourth phenotype with a fuzzy outline that we call 'crater'. Our analysis was conducted by using YPD medium containing phloxine B, as this is used routinely to detect white-opaque switching in C. albicans (Anderson & Soll, 1987). However, the observed phenotypes were identical in the absence of phloxine B (not shown).…”

Section: Identification Of Colony Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype switching affects biofilm formation by Candida parapsilosis

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Generation of biofilms by the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis is correlated closely with disease. The phenomenon of phenotype switching in 20 isolates of C. parapsilosis was examined and the relationship with biofilm development was investigated. Four stable and heritable phenotypes were identified -crepe, concentric, smooth and crater. Cells from crepe and concentric phenotypes are almost entirely pseudohyphal, whilst cells from smooth and crater phenotypes are mostly yeast-like. The pseudohyphae from concentric phenotypes are approximately 45 % wider than those from crepe cells. The cell size of the smooth phenotype is smaller than those of the other three phenotypes. On polystyrene surfaces, the concentric phenotype generates up to twofold more biofilm than the crepe and crater phenotypes. Smooth phenotypes generate the least biofilm. Concentric phenotypes also invade agar surfaces more than the crepe and crater phenotypes, whilst smooth phenotypes do not invade at all. The smooth phenotype, however, grows significantly faster than the others. The quorum-sensing molecule farnesol inhibits formation of biofilms by the crepe, concentric and crater phenotypes. INTRODUCTIONThe yeast Candida parapsilosis is found frequently as a commensal organism on epithelial and mucosal tissues, but it is also an increasing cause of hospital-acquired infection (Weems, 1992). Although C. parapsilosis is responsible for approximately 16 % of general Candida infections, it is a particular problem in critically ill neonates (Hajjeh et al., 2004;Pfaller & Diekema, 2004;Roilides et al., 2004). Fungaemia caused by C. parapsilosis is associated with the presence of catheters and the use of parenteral nutrition (Shin et al., 2002). This is probably due to the ability of the yeast to grow as biofilms, especially in highglucose environments (Branchini et al., 1994). Biofilms are inherently resistant to treatment with antifungal drugs and the infected device must usually be removed.Formation of biofilms by organisms growing in association with a surface is a very common phenomenon among yeast and bacterial species (Hall-Stoodley et al., 2004;Jabra-Rizk et al., 2004). In yeast, the most detailed descriptions of biofilm structure come from studies on Candida albicans (Baillie & Douglas, 1999; Chandra et al., 2001;Hawser & Douglas, 1994;Kumamoto, 2002;Shin et al., 2002). In general, a layer of cells in the yeast form is found attached to the surface, with a layer of filamentous cells above, surrounded by an exopolymeric matrix (Kumamoto, 2002). Cells in biofilms are associated with a specific geneexpression pattern, including the overexpression of amino acid biosynthetic genes, particularly those for amino acids containing sulfur (García-Sánchez et al., 2004). Biofilm growth requires activation of the filamentation pathway and mutants defective in regulators of filamentation, such as efg1 and cph1, are unable to form biofilms (Ramage et al., 2002b). C. parapsilosis is not capable of forming true filaments and biofilms are often composed...

show abstract

“…The cell wall surface of white cells is smooth, whereas that of opaque cells is pimpled. 22 White cells are more virulent in systemic infections, while opaque cells have an enhanced ability to cause cutaneous damage due to high activity levels of secreted aspartyl proteases (Saps). [23][24][25] In addition, opaque cells mate much more efficiently than white cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of the gray phenotype and white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic transitions inCandida dubliniensis

Yue

Guan

et al. 2016

Virulence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida dubliniensis is closely related to Candida albicans, a major causative agent of candidiasis, and is primarily associated with oral colonization and infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Despite the high similarity of genomic and phenotypic features between the 2 species, C. dubliniensis is much less virulent and less prevalent than C. albicans. The ability to change morphological phenotypes is a striking feature of Candida species and is linked to virulence. In this study, we report a novel phenotype, the gray phenotype, in C. dubliniensis. Together with the previously reported white and opaque cell types, the gray phenotype forms a tristable phenotypic switching system in C. dubliniensis that is similar to the white-gray-opaque tristable switching system in C. albicans. Gray cells of C. dubliniensis are similar to their counterparts in C. albicans in terms of several biological aspects including cellular morphology, mating competence, and genetic regulatory mechanisms. However, the gray phenotypes of the 2 species have some distinguishing features. For example, the secreted aspartyl protease (Sap) activity is induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in gray cells of C. albicans, but not in gray cells of C. dubliniensis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the biological features and regulatory mechanisms of white-gray-opaque tristable transitions are largely conserved in the 2 pathogenic Candida species.

show abstract

Unique phenotype of opaque cells in the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans

Cited by 227 publications

References 26 publications

Bidirectional Stimulation of the White-Opaque Transition of Candida albicans by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Bidirectional Stimulation of the White-Opaque Transition of Candida albicans by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Phenotype switching affects biofilm formation by Candida parapsilosis

Discovery of the gray phenotype and white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic transitions inCandida dubliniensis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About