Pomset logic and BV are both logics that extend multiplicative linear logic
(with Mix) with a third connective that is self-dual and non-commutative.
Whereas pomset logic originates from the study of coherence spaces and proof
nets, BV originates from the study of series-parallel orders, cographs, and
proof systems. Both logics enjoy a cut-admissibility result, but for neither
logic can this be done in the sequent calculus. Provability in pomset logic can
be checked via a proof net correctness criterion and in BV via a deep inference
proof system. It has long been conjectured that these two logics are the same.
In this paper we show that this conjecture is false. We also investigate the
complexity of the two logics, exhibiting a huge gap between the two. Whereas
provability in BV is NP-complete, provability in pomset logic is
$\Sigma_2^p$-complete. We also make some observations with respect to possible
sequent systems for the two logics.