Unique Issues in Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Spinal cord injuries are devastating events, and they are particularly tragic when they affect children or adolescents who have barely had an opportunity to experience life. Of the approximately 10,000 individuals who sustain spinal cord injury each year in the United States, 3% to 5% occur in individuals younger than 15 years of age and approximately 20% occur in those younger than 20 years of age (Nobunaga, Go, & Karunas, 1999). Because of the growth and development inherent in children and adolescents and the unique manifestations and complications associated with spinal cord injuries, management must be developmentally based and directed to the individual's special needs (Vogel, 1997). The many unique facets of pediatric spinal cord injuries are addressed in this article. They clearly delineate the need for care that is responsive to the dynamic changes that occur with growth and development. The multidisciplinary team, combined with a focus on family-centered care, is essential in pediatric spinal cord injuries.

Examination of Spasticity of the Knee Flexors and Knee Extensors Using Isokinetic Dynamometry With Electromyography and Clinical Scales in Children With Spinal Cord Injury

“…Spasticity is a common impairment in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). Vogel et al reported that approximately 50% of children with SCI exhibit spasticity (2). The management of spasticity in children may be especially critical to prevent long-term orthopedic complications associated with spasticity such as joint contractures and hip dislocation (3).…”

Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury

“…SCI in children may also occur in association with birth injuries, skeletal dysplasias, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Down syndrome [5].…”

Pressure Ulcers in Pediatric Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

“…28 Moreover, 60% to 80% of all pediatric vertebral injuries were in the cervical spine, whereas cervical spinal injuries accounted for only 30% to 40% of all adult vertebral injuries. 32 The American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) classification is widely used for assessing and classifying patients with SCI. 32 The American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) classification is widely used for assessing and classifying patients with SCI.…”

“…32,34 In most SCIs, a significant hyperextension and flexion moment exists, resulting from an acceleration/deceleration force that may cause excessive displacement of vertebral structures that can injure the spinal cord. 32,34 In most SCIs, a significant hyperextension and flexion moment exists, resulting from an acceleration/deceleration force that may cause excessive displacement of vertebral structures that can injure the spinal cord.…”