Unique coated neusilin pellets with a more distinct and fast visual detection of nerve agents and other cholinesterase inhibitors

Zeman, Jiří; Vetchý, David; Pavloková, Sylvie; Franc, Aleš; Pitschmann, Vladimír

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113004

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly to the results of other studies, 26,27,39 degradation in the form of carrier browning occurred over time and with increased temperature and humidity as described by Fig. 3, where higher values of Δ E 2000 mean more intense brown color, while it is obvious that samples T100 and FL100 were significantly ( P < 0.05) more stable than the remaining samples.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Based on earlier experiments, 19,25,26,35 Ellman's reaction was used to evaluate the activity of the immobilized acetylcholinesterase. Approximately 120 mg pellets, which corresponds to the enzymatic activity of 6.0 nkat g −1 , was placed in a glass tube with a 0.5 cm diameter and tempered to room temperature (25 ± 2 °C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition test is designed to compare samples with different compositions. In this test, based on previous experiments and for safety reasons, physostigmine was used as a suitable cholinesterase inhibitor 19,25,26,35 . Similarly to the activity test, it was performed in a glass tube with the same amount of sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images (from time 0 and 120 s) obtained during the tests of activity and inhibition were used to evaluate the intensity of color change during the detection. The evaluation is based on the already validated method 19,26,27 of color acquisition using the graphical software tool Eyedropper (Adobe Photoshop CS5, Adobe Systems, Lehi, UT, USA), which was used to obtain an average color from 10 areas (each with 10 201 pixels) of yellow‐colored surface of the pellets in the detection tubes. Using statistical software R (version 3.6.2), the obtained average colors were converted to the CIELAB coordinates and the difference between two colors (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, a yellow color develops on the pellets within a few seconds, which is visible to the naked eye or detectable spectrophotometrically. The disadvantage of this reaction is often an indistinct transition from white to yellow, which was investigated in other studies 19,25,26 . However, during longer storage and especially at higher temperatures, the carriers continued to turn brown, which could be problematic when stored, particularly in subtropical and tropical countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the stability of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on carriers designed to detect nerve agents

Zeman

Pavloková

Vetchý

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Maintaining the stability of an immobilized enzyme during storage is generally very problematic. However, various substances have been reported to have a positive effect on enzyme stability. These include reducing disaccharide lactose, which is used in carriers in the form of pellets with immobilized cholinesterase. These carriers serve as a filling for detection tubes (biosensor), which are used for detecting nerve agents, wherein the detection itself is based on a colorimetric Ellman's reaction. To date, however, no study has been performed on the effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the properties of such carriers. RESULTS The effect of five different types of lactose monohydrate on carrier properties and enzyme stability was examined. The lactose powders used differed in the particle size distribution, shape, compactability and flowability. The carriers were prepared in triplicate and subjected to a 24‐month stability test under three storage conditions, with the results being statistically analyzed by analysis of variance, principal component analysis and t‐test. Samples containing lactose with spherical particles were more resistant to degradation by heat and moisture than samples containing crystalline particles; in addition they had higher hardness and better sensitivity. All samples were also tested with soman after 24 months of storage and were found to retain very good sensitivity. CONCLUSION Samples containing spherical types of lactose proved to be more stable in some critical parameters compared to the samples with lactose in the form of single crystals, which are currently used in commercially available detection tubes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the stability of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on carriers designed to detect nerve agents

Zeman

Pavloková

Vetchý

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Stabilized antioxidative plant extracts formulated by liquisolid technique

Kurhajec

Kostelanská

Pavloková

et al. 2020

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

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Lists of Chemical Warfare Agents and Precursors from International Nonproliferation Frameworks: Structural Annotation and Chemical Fingerprint Analysis

Costanzi

Slavick

Hutcheson

et al. 2020

J. Chem. Inf. Model.

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To support efforts to stem the proliferation of chemical weapons (CWs), we have curated and structurally annotated CW-control lists from three key international nonproliferation frameworks: the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the Australia Group (AG), and the Wassenaar Arrangement. The curated lists are available as web tables at the Costanzi Research website (). The annotations include manually curated 2D structural images, which provide a means to appreciate at a glance the similarities and differences between different entries, as well as downloadable 2D structures, in two different formats and three different structural identifiers, namely, simplified molecular-input line-entry system, standard InChI, and standard InChIKey, which are intended to provide a platform for cheminformatics analyses. The tables also include links to National Center for Biotechnology Information’s PubChem and National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Chemistry WebBook cards, hence providing prompt access to a wealth of physicochemical, analytical chemistry, and toxicological information. To showcase the importance of structural annotations, we discuss a discrepancy in a CW-control list covering the defoliant Agent Orange, which we identified through our curation process, and propose a solution to address it. Moreover, we present the results of chemical fingerprinting analyses, through which we clustered the entries of the three CW-control lists under study into structurally related groups and studied the overlaps between the three lists. As an application of this study, we examine the recent updates of CWC Schedule 1 and the AG precursors list, highlighting the relationships between the two amendments and proposing the possible addition of further chemicals. Our research is intended to facilitate the communication between scientific advisors and policymakers as well as the work of chemists and cheminformaticians involved in the CW nonproliferation field. Ultimately, we seek to provide tools to bolster the control of CWs and support the global efforts to rid the world of this category of weapons.

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Unique coated neusilin pellets with a more distinct and fast visual detection of nerve agents and other cholinesterase inhibitors

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the stability of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on carriers designed to detect nerve agents

The effect of different types of lactose monohydrate on the stability of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on carriers designed to detect nerve agents

Stabilized antioxidative plant extracts formulated by liquisolid technique

Lists of Chemical Warfare Agents and Precursors from International Nonproliferation Frameworks: Structural Annotation and Chemical Fingerprint Analysis

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