Unique and remarkable dilatometer measurements of pyroclastic flow–generated tsunamis

Mattioli, G. S.; Voight, B.; Linde, A. T.; Sacks, I. Selwyn; Watts, P.; Widiwijayanti, Christina; Young, S. R.; Hidayat, D.; Elsworth, Derek; Malin, Péter; Shalev, E.; Boskirk, E. Van; Johnston, W.; Sparks, R. S. J.; Neuberg, Jürgen; Bass, V.; Dunkley, P. N.; Herd, Richard A.; Syers, T.; Williams, P.; Williams, D.

doi:10.1130/g22931a.1

Cited by 38 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The tsunami simultaneously propagated towards Antigua and Guadeloupe and caused some damage to fishing boats in a few harbours (Pelinovsky et al, 2004;Edmonds and Herd, 2005). Mattioli et al (2007) suggested that multiple local tsunamis had been recorded in dilatometer measurements during several hours. When the eruption began, PFs were intermittent, and they became gradually continuous, until 13 July at 3:35 a.m., when the peak of intensity occurred.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also build a strandline with flotsam at 8.5 m a.s.l. on the Tar River fan Mattioli et al, 2007). The tsunami simultaneously propagated towards Antigua and Guadeloupe and caused some damage to fishing boats in a few harbours (Pelinovsky et al, 2004;Edmonds and Herd, 2005).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study as in Mattioli et al (2007), we use the tsunami generation, propagation and inundation model GEOWAVE . The initial tsunami (surface water deformation and velocity) is computed through the generation model TOPICS from the following landslide parameters: landslide entry location, width, strike and velocity; landslide volume reaching the sea; runout length and time in water Watts and Waythomas, 2003;Mattioli et al, 2007, see Appendix A).…”

Section: Tsunami Generation and Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the GEOWAVE model to simulate the generation and propagation of tsunami waves . This model is extensively used in tsunami modelling, and has been applied to landslide-generated tsunamis (Waythomas and Watts, 2003;Mattioli et al, 2007). We then make the hypothesis that it can reproduce realistic tsunami waves and describe well the tsunami impact at the coast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of the Montserrat 2003 event, we attempt to simulate the tsunami impact on the Guadeloupe shoreline. We first try to use model parameters taken from a published modelling study of the same event (Mattioli et al, 2007). As these parameters give poor results on the Guadeloupe shore, we modify them with the help of other published data in order to better match the observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modelling of historical landslide-generated tsunamis in the French Lesser Antilles

Poisson

Pedreros

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Two historical landslide-induced tsunamis that reached the coasts of the French Lesser Antilles are studied. First, the Martinique coast was hit by a tsunami down the western flank of Montagne Pelée at the beginning of the big eruption of May 1902. More recently, the northeastern coast of Guadeloupe was affected by a tsunami that had been generated around Montserrat by pyroclastic flows entering the sea, during the July 2003 eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano. We use a modified version of the GEOWAVE model to compute numerical simulations of both events. Two source hypotheses are considered for each tsunami. The comparison of the simulation results with reported tsunami height data helps to discriminate between the tested source decriptions. In the Martinique case, we obtain a better fit to data when considering three successive lahars entering the sea, as a simplified single source leads to an overstimation of the tsunami wave heights at the coast. In the Montserrat case, the best model uses a unique source which volume corresponds to published data concerning the peak volume flow. These findings emphasize the importance of an accurate description of the relevant volume as well as the timing sequence of the source event in landslide-generated tsunami modelling. They also show that considering far-field effects in addition to near-field effects may significantly improve tsunami modelling.

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Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tsunami Generation and Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modelling of historical landslide-generated tsunamis in the French Lesser Antilles

Poisson

Pedreros

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODPExpedition 340

Friant

Ishizuka

Boudon

et al. 2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form 420Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems PUBLICATIONS smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyze eruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation processes.

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Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 2. Pyroclastic density current invasion maps

et al. 2015

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Campi Flegrei (CF) is an example of an active caldera containing densely populated settlements at very high risk of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). We present here an innovative method for assessing background spatial PDC hazard in a caldera setting with probabilistic invasion maps conditional on the occurrence of an explosive event. The method encompasses the probabilistic assessment of potential vent opening positions, derived in the companion paper, combined with inferences about the spatial density distribution of PDC invasion areas from a simplified flow model, informed by reconstruction of deposits from eruptions in the last 15 ka. The flow model describes the PDC kinematics and accounts for main effects of topography on flow propagation. Structured expert elicitation is used to incorporate certain sources of epistemic uncertainty, and a Monte Carlo approach is adopted to produce a set of probabilistic hazard maps for the whole CF area. Our findings show that, in case of eruption, almost the entire caldera is exposed to invasion with a mean probability of at least 5%, with peaks greater than 50% in some central areas. Some areas outside the caldera are also exposed to this danger, with mean probabilities of invasion of the order of 5-10%. Our analysis suggests that these probability estimates have location-specific uncertainties which can be substantial. The results prove to be robust with respect to alternative elicitation models and allow the influence on hazard mapping of different sources of uncertainty, and of theoretical and numerical assumptions, to be quantified.

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Unique and remarkable dilatometer measurements of pyroclastic flow–generated tsunamis

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Numerical modelling of historical landslide-generated tsunamis in the French Lesser Antilles

Numerical modelling of historical landslide-generated tsunamis in the French Lesser Antilles

Submarine record of volcanic island construction and collapse in the Lesser Antilles arc: First scientific drilling of submarine volcanic island landslides by IODPExpedition 340

Quantifying volcanic hazard at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty assessment: 2. Pyroclastic density current invasion maps

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