Unique and Excellent Paintable Liquid Metal for Fluorescent Displays

Abstract

A liquid metal (LM) generally has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, flexibility, fluidity, and reflectivity. Innovative electronics using a LM to paint colorful fluorescent patterns may be applied to many important fields. Herein we propose, for the first time, the use of a LM to paint fluorescent patterns in the field of natural science. An LM containing a main-group metal (Ga50.25Bi8.28In28.2Sn13.27) is used to paint a uniform alloy film on a ceramic substrate. The painting is not restricted by any curved surface, shape, or size, which therefore gives the LM diverse adaptability. We have adopted the strategy of “painting–annealing–dealloying” through which LM can easily be diffused and doped into the substrate to produce various defects. Defects, my themselves or through their interactions, can produce different colors of emitted light. The primary fluorescence colors, such as purple, yellow, blue, and white, have been painted with the LM. Importantly, the brightness and color coordinates can be adjusted by changing the LM composition or annealing temperature, and intricate, delicate, colorful fluorescence patterns can be produced. Due to the unique painting form, colorful fluorescence, high stability, corrosion resistance, and low cost of the technique used for the LM, it can be used for displays, lighting panels, flexible electronic circuits, anticounterfeiting devices, and sensors.

Unique Surface Fluorescence Induced from the Core–Shell Structure of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals Prepared by Thermal Oxidation Processing

“…59 The O 1s spectrum displayed in Figure 8d can be fitted into three different peaks around 530.96, 532.21, and 532.96 eV, corresponding to the metal oxide (Ga−O, In−O, Sn−O), oxygen vacancy (V O ), and SiO 2 lattice oxygen (L O ), respectively. 60,61 The Si 2p spectrum displayed in Figure 8e can be fitted into two different peaks around 103.76 and 106.66 eV, corresponding to SiO 2 and silicon-containing polymers, respectively. 62 The silicone-containing polymers are introduced from the sample substrate during XPS analysis.…”

Surface Optics and Color Effects of Liquid Metal Materials

“…As shown in Figure a, the oxide layer spontaneously formed on the surface of the gallium‐based liquid metals is amorphous gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ), which is transformed into β ‐Ga 2 O 3 after annealing, [ 116 ] . [ 146 ] And the surface of β ‐Ga 2 O 3 presents obvious fluorescence characteristics under ultraviolet excitation, because of large number of oxygen vacancies (V O ), gallium vacancies (V Ga ), gallium–oxygen vacancy pairs (V O –V Ga ), and defect levels in β ‐Ga 2 O 3 , defect energy levels and intrinsic defects as acceptors enabled the light emission on the surface of liquid metals. [ 147,148 ] The metals in liquid metals can be doped in the β ‐Ga 2 O 3 shell to cause defects by annealing process.…”

Progress on Fe‐Based Polyanionic Oxide Cathodes Materials toward Grid‐Scale Energy Storage for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 111 ] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. h) Different rate properties of Na 3.32 Fe 2.34 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 @SC and Na 3.32 Fe 2.34 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 @C electrodes.…”

“…The results verified the previous prediction that ion doping improved the conductivity but also participated in stabilizing the construction of electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. [ 111 ] They further prepared artificial AlF 3 interfacial coating and obtained capacity retention of 70% after 6000 cycles at 50 C at 60 °C. [ 112 ] The reports paved the way for constructing an effective interface to improve high‐temperature cycling stability.…”