Uniparental chicken offsprings derived from oogenesis of chicken primordial germ cells (ZZ) †

Liu, Chunhai; Chang, Il-Kuk; Khazanehdari, Kamal; Thomas, Shruti Miriam; Varghese, Preetha; Baskar, Vijay; Alkhatib, Razan; Li, Wenhai; Kinne, Jörg; McGrew, Michael J.; Wernery, Ulrich

doi:10.1095/biolreprod.116.144253

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is also possible that the defined medium using Activin A and FGF2 used to culture the PGCs does not reflect the in vivo gonadal niche and needs to be further optimized (19). Surprisingly, we did not observe germline transmission from male PGCs transplanted into female sterile hosts as has been previously reported by us and others when host sterility was induced using chemical means or irradiation (51,52). We suggest that this observed difference may be attributed to either the breed of the donor male PGCs used in these experiments and/ or the fact that the DDX4 Z − W female contains endogenous PGCs at prehatch stages, which may compete with the donor male germ cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Reviving rare chicken breeds using genetically engineered sterility in surrogate host birds

Woodcock

Gheyas

Mason

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In macrolecithal species, cryopreservation of the oocyte and zygote is not possible due to the large size and quantity of lipid deposited within the egg. For birds, this signifies that cryopreserving and regenerating a species from frozen cellular material are currently technically unfeasible. Diploid primordial germ cells (PGCs) are a potential means to freeze down the entire genome and reconstitute an avian species from frozen material. Here, we examine the use of genetically engineered (GE) sterile female layer chicken as surrogate hosts for the transplantation of cryopreserved avian PGCs from rare heritage breeds of chicken. We first amplified PGC numbers in culture before cryopreservation and subsequent transplantation into host GE embryos. We found that all hatched offspring from the chimera GE hens were derived from the donor rare heritage breed broiler PGCs, and using cryopreserved semen, we were able to produce pure offspring. Measurement of the mutation rate of PGCs in culture revealed that 2.7 × 10−10 de novo single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were generated per cell division, which is comparable with other stem cell lineages. We also found that endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) retroviral insertions were not mobilized during in vitro propagation. Taken together, these results show that mutation rates are no higher than normal stem cells, essential if we are to conserve avian breeds. Thus, GE sterile avian surrogate hosts provide a viable platform to conserve and regenerate avian species using cryopreserved PGCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Reviving rare chicken breeds using genetically engineered sterility in surrogate host birds

Woodcock

Gheyas

Mason

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Migratory PGCs directly transplanted into partially sterilized opposite sex surrogate host embryos also formed functional gametes and offspring in both male and female reverse sex hosts albeit at extremely low frequencies ( Naito et al, 1999 ). In a similar result, we demonstrated that in vitro propagated male layer PGCs formed oocytes and hatched chicks when transplanted into irradiated female layer surrogate hosts ( Liu, Chang et al, 2017 ). Thus, it is not clear if avian PGCs are fully bipotential in fate and can differentiate into functional gametes in avian host gonads of the opposite sex.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Avian Primordial Germ Cells Are Bipotent for Male or Female Gametogenesis

Ballantyne

Taylor

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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In birds, males are the homogametic sex (ZZ) and females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). Here, we investigate the role of chromosomal sex and germ cell competition on avian germ cell differentiation. We recently developed genetically sterile layer cockerels and hens for use as surrogate hosts for primordial germ cell (PGC) transplantation. Using in vitro propagated and cryopreserved PGCs from a pedigree Silkie broiler breed, we now demonstrate that sterile surrogate layer hosts injected with same sex PGCs have normal fertility and produced pure breed Silkie broiler offspring when directly mated to each other in Sire Dam Surrogate mating. We found that female sterile hosts carrying chromosomally male (ZZ) PGCs formed functional oocytes and eggs, which gave rise to 100% male offspring after fertilization. Unexpectedly, we also observed that chromosomally female (ZW) PGCs carried by male sterile hosts formed functional spermatozoa and produced viable offspring. These findings demonstrate that avian PGCs are not sexually restricted for functional gamete formation and provide new insights for the cryopreservation of poultry and other bird species using diploid stage germ cells.

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“…Liu et al . 71 also reported that oogenesis of chicken primordial germ cells (ZZ) resulted in uniparental offspring. In this experiment the developmental plasticity of in vitro cultured PGCs (ZZ) to differentiate into functional ova in the ovary of germline chimeric chicken host was proved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Guinea fowl and domestic fowl hybrids as potential surrogate hosts for avian cryopreservation programmes

Molnár¹,

Lázár²,

Sztán³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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In the last decade, avian gene preservation research has focused on the use of the early precursors of the reproductive cells, the primordial germ cells (PGCs). This is because avian PGCs have a unique migration route through the vascular system which offers easy accessibility. Furthermore, culturing of the cells in vitro, freezing/thawing, reintegration into a recipient embryo and the development of the germ cells can be carried out in well-defined laboratory circumstances. The efficient recovery of the donor genotype and the frequency of germline transmission from the surrogate host animals are still areas which need further development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate an infertile interspecific hybrid (recipient) as an appropriate host for primordial germ cells from native poultry breeds. Guinea fowl × chicken hybrids were produced, the crossing was repeated inversely. The phenotype, the hatching time, the hatching rate, the sex ratio, the presence of own germ cells, the fertility and the phenotype of viable hybrids and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of dead hybrid embryos were described. 6.65% viable offspring was obtained with crossing of Guinea fowl females with domestic fowl males. Crossing of domestic fowl hens with Guinea fowl male resulted in lower fertility, 0.14% viable offspring. Based on the investigations, the observed offspring from the successful crossing were sterile male hybrids, thus an extreme form of Haldane’s rule was manifested. The sterile hybrid male embryos were tested by injecting fluorescently labeled chicken PGCs. The integration rate of labeled PGCs was measured in 7.5-day, 14.5-day and 18.5-day old embryonic gonads. 50%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the injected hybrid embryos survived and 40%, 5.3% and 2.4% of the examined gonads contained fluorescent labeled donor PGCs. Therefore, these sterile hybrid males may be suitable recipients for male PGCs and possibly for female PGCs although with lower efficiency. This research work shows that the sterility of hybrids can be used in gene conservation to be a universal host for PGCs of different avian species.

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Uniparental chicken offsprings derived from oogenesis of chicken primordial germ cells (ZZ) †

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Reviving rare chicken breeds using genetically engineered sterility in surrogate host birds

Reviving rare chicken breeds using genetically engineered sterility in surrogate host birds

Avian Primordial Germ Cells Are Bipotent for Male or Female Gametogenesis

Investigation of the Guinea fowl and domestic fowl hybrids as potential surrogate hosts for avian cryopreservation programmes

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