Unintended consequences on gender diversity of high-tech growth and labor market polarization

Echeverri‐Carroll, Elsie L.; Oden, Michael; Gibson, David V.; Johnston, Evan A.

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.10.013

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Evidence in this matter has signalled that the polarisation situation is related to an investment choice in education (Regini, 1997) and the technology sector’s development (Echeverri-Carroll et al., 2018; Harrigan et al., 2016). Moreover, it also has effects on the quality of labour relations and income (Kalleberg, 2007; Kalleberg et al., 2000), generating problems of labour mobility, inequality of income distribution, and labour discrimination (Hudson, 2007), and modifying the returns of human capital accumulation (Fonseca et al., 2018; Heyman, 2016).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

Didier

2021

Journal of Adult and Continuing Education

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Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That transition is strictly defined by how the labour market is organised and operates in the national economy. Some old to new phenomena are determinants of those dimensions, such as educational mismatch, credential inflation, and job polarisation. These phenomena affect the relationship between schooling and earnings, carrying consequences for social mobility, household welfare, and an individual's social progression perspective. Those phenomena remain understudied in the context of Latin America. Chile's case has gained relevance in the region due to the highly deregulated organisation of its educational market, the quality increase in its higher education institutions, and its funding policies for higher education. This work attempts to provide an extended diagnosis of the Chilean labour market, considering the impact of these emerging issues on the educational market and policymaking. The results show that 83.6% of Chilean employees experience an educational mismatch (overeducation and undereducation); credential inflation has depreciated the value of education over five of the six occupational categories – besides the polarisation index for industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom.

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Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

Didier

2021

Journal of Adult and Continuing Education

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“…For instance, Bernard and Jensen (1997) provide firm-based evidence confirming that while international trade has increased the demand for whitecollar labour in US manufacturing plants, it had no significant impact on the wage gap among white-and blue-collar workers (see also Machin, 1998). Additionally, the analysis of Colclough and Tolbert (1990) raises the possibility that the skill-biased character of technological change may favour the skills, marginal productivity and wages of privileged social groups and actors (e.g., educated, native white men) (see also Echeverri-Carroll et al, 2018;ten Berge and Tomaskovic-Devey, 2021). As will be shown throughout this review, economic studies have paid very little attention to the horizontally biased (i.e., gender and racially biased) character of skill premiums.…”

Section: Causal Scenarios and Explanatory Factorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is quite surprising because both journals seek, by tradition, to publish critically minded research on innovation (Cozzens, 2003;Fagerberg et al, 2012). Judging from this situation, it seems that, unlike the work of the founding figures of the field (e.g., Christopher Freeman, Dick Nelson and Bengt-Ake Lundvall), where economic and societal challenges (e.g., jobless growth, social inclusion and technological unemployment) figured prominently (e.g., Archibugi and Lundvall, 2001;Lundvall, 2002;Fagerberg et al, 2011), the great majority of contemporary innovation researchers seem to be (Goos et al, 2014;Adermon and Gustavsson, 2015), trade (Almeida and Afonso, 2010;Jaumotte et al, 2013;Juhn et al, 2014), technological unemployment (Frey and Osborne, 2017), geographical aspects (Lee, 2011;Consoli et al, 2013;Breau et al, 2014;Florida and Mellander, 2016;Otioma et al, 2019), digital gap (Hilbert, 2010), horizontal inequality (Brouwer and Brito, 2012;Brynin and Perales, 2016;Juhn et al, 2014;Echeverri-Carroll et al, 2018;Cheng et al, 2019), deunionization (Kristal, 2013;Kristal and Cohen, 2017;Stockhammer, 2017), innovation policy (Cozzi and Impullitti, 2010;Lee, 2019), organizational factors (Hanley, 2014), types of innovation (Thakur, 2012;Richmond and Triplett, 2018) Source: own elaboration, Scopus * based on Google Scholar, July 2020 interested in conducting research that primarily reflects the interests of a few select actors (e.g., elite scholars and policymakers) rather than society as a whole (see also Martin, 2016).…”

Section: Research Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three decades of research on innovation and inequality: Causal scenarios, explanatory factors and suggestions

Fragkandreas¹

2022

PROM

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Prompted by rising income inequality (in short, inequality) in advanced economies, a rapidly growing number of studies across various fields and disciplines of social science have, since the 1990s, sought to find out how innovation (as the main engine of economic progress) affects the distribution of income in modern-day capitalist societies. Using the systematic literature review method, this paper provides the first critical review of 166 studies on innovation and inequality published in 114 journals in the last three decades (1990–2019). It is shown that, while the great majority of studies under review concur that innovation induces inequality, this finding is subject to the disciplinary origins of research (e.g., development studies, economics, geography, innovation studies, etc.) and the country under investigation. Furthermore, guided by an original causally holistic analytical framework, the analysis demonstrates that the relationship between innovation and inequality is significantly more causally complex than the most popular theoretical perspective (i.e., skill-biased technological change account) has let us believe; in particular, it is subject to five causal scenarios and a range of explanatory factors (i.e., skill premiums, technological unemployment, international trade, declining union membership, spatial aspects, changing employment conditions, policy, horizontal inequalities, sectoral composition and types of innovation). The paper ends by discussing findings, policy implications and knowledge gaps, one of which concerns the following under-researched question: how, and under what conditions do publicly funded innovation policies reduce (or increase) inequality?

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“…In Austin, the benefits of this new entrepreneurial transformation are uneven. For example, researchers at the UT found that men were employed 1.7 times more than women in high-tech, high-skill jobs spurred by Austin’s EE between 1980 and 2015, and that overall, the ratio of men to women in the high-tech sector and high-skill positions was 2.4:1 in 2015 (Echeverri-Carroll et al., 2018). Scholarship has also linked gentrification and displacement in Austin to its recent high-tech industrialization and some greening initiatives (Busch, 2017; Long, 2016; Straubhaar, 2012; Tretter, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmentalization of urban entrepreneurialism: From technopolis to start-up city

Levenda

Tretter

2019

Environ Plan A

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This paper investigates two trends in contemporary forms of urban entrepreneurialism: (a) an increasing focus on cultivating entrepreneurship, and (b) the promotion of entrepreneurial ecosystems that leverage culture and sustainability to attract and support entrepreneurs. We argue that these trends signify a shift from the entrepreneurial city to new strategies that shape cities for entrepreneurs. Underpinning this development is a broad normalization and valorization of entrepreneurship as the dominant pathway for urban economic growth. Additionally, we show how sustainability and greening are enrolled in these economic development strategies, promising to bolster the environmental image of the city. We highlight these two changes by focusing on the intellectual foundations of the technopolis concept in Austin, Texas, and the development of a cleantech entrepreneurial ecosystem that has increasingly been leveraged in Austin’s entrepreneurial growth efforts. We offer insights into how the growing trend of “making cities for entrepreneurs” is reshaping urban entrepreneurial governance, potentially exacerbating inequalities in urban development.

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Unintended consequences on gender diversity of high-tech growth and labor market polarization

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

Three decades of research on innovation and inequality: Causal scenarios, explanatory factors and suggestions

The environmentalization of urban entrepreneurialism: From technopolis to start-up city

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