Unintended Consequences of Welfare Reform: Evidence from Birth Outcomes of Aboriginal Australians

Doyle, Mary-Alice; Schurer, Stefanie; Silburn, Sven

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3665103

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…For a discussion of the 2017 and 2019 CPS results, seeDoyle et al (2017) andCaddy, Delaney and Fisher (2020). This discussion paper builds on material released in the June 2023 Bulletin, seeMulqueeney and Livermore (2023) andNguyen and Watson (2023).…”

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confidence: 94%

The Evolution of Consumer Payments in Australia: Results from the 2022 Consumer Payments Survey

Livermore,

Mulqueeney,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

RBA Research Discussion Papers

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The Reserve Bank conducted its sixth triennial Consumer Payments Survey (CPS), which provides detailed information on how Australians make their payments. The 2022 CPS provides the first comprehensive snapshot of consumer payment behaviour following the changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey shows that most in-person payments are made by tapping cards or mobile devices, even for small purchases. This means the share of in-person transactions made with cash halved, from 32 per cent to 16 per cent, over the three years to 2022. The demographic groups that traditionally used cash more frequently for payments – such as the elderly, those on lower incomes and those in regional areas – saw the largest declines in cash use. Cash usage has generally been replaced with card payments. While Australians are aware of and use a range of other newer payment methods, such as digital wallets and buy now, pay later services, they still make up a small share of payments.

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confidence: 94%

The Evolution of Consumer Payments in Australia: Results from the 2022 Consumer Payments Survey

Livermore,

Mulqueeney,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

RBA Research Discussion Papers

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The Interplay between Maternal Smoking and Genes in Offspring Birth Weight

2020

Preprint

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It is well-established that both the child's genetic endowments as well as maternal smoking during pregnancy impact offspring birth weight. In this paper we move beyond the nature versus nurture debate by investigating the interaction between genetic endowments and this critical prenatal environmental exposure (maternal smoking) in determining birth weight. We draw on longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study and replicate our results using data from the UK Biobank. Genetic endowments of the children are proxied with a polygenic score that is constructed based on the results of the most recent genome wide association study of birth weight. We instrument the maternal decision to smoke during pregnancy with a genetic variant (rs1051730) located in the nicotine receptor gene CHRNA3. This genetic variant is associated with the number of cigarettes consumed daily, and we present evidence that this is plausibly the only channel through which the maternal genetic variant affects the child's birth weight. Additionally, we deal with the misreporting of maternal smoking by using measures of cotinine, a biomarker of nicotine, collected from the mother's urine during their pregnancy. We confirm earlier findings that genetic endowments as well as maternal smoking during pregnancy significantly affects the child's birth weight. However, we do not find evidence of meaningful interactions between genetic endowments and an adverse fetal environment, suggesting that the child's genetic predisposition cannot cushion the damaging effects of maternal smoking.

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Unintended Consequences of Welfare Reform: Evidence from Birth Outcomes of Aboriginal Australians

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

The Evolution of Consumer Payments in Australia: Results from the 2022 Consumer Payments Survey

The Evolution of Consumer Payments in Australia: Results from the 2022 Consumer Payments Survey

The Interplay between Maternal Smoking and Genes in Offspring Birth Weight

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