Uninsured migrants: Health insurance coverage and access to care among Mexican return migrants

Wassink, Joshua

doi:10.4054/demres.2018.38.17

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“… 12 Recent analyses of Mexican workers find that both measures yield similar results and that Seguro Social is a strong predictor of stable employment (Villarreal & Blanchard, 2013; Wassink, 2018). …”

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confidence: 92%

Is Local Social Development Associated with Workforce Composition? A Municipal Analysis of Mexico, 1990–2015

Wassink

2018

Popul Res Policy Rev

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A critical development goal involves reducing subsistence farming and encouraging entrepreneurship and formal sector employment. A growing number of studies examine cross-national variation in the rates of subsistence farming, marginal self-employment, formal employment, and prosperous entrepreneurship by level of development. However, despite significant regional disparities in development within most low-to-middle-income countries, little is known about how development at the local level is associated with labor market patterns. Using a pooled cross-section containing four waves of data from the Mexican Census (1990-2015), this study investigates the relationship between social development and municipal workforce composition. In the 1980s, Mexico initiated an ambitious and multipronged development agenda intended to reduce extreme regional disparities in educational attainment, housing quality, access to utilities, and poverty. This study measures social development using a multi-dimensional measure that captures educational attainment, housing quality, access to utilities, and poverty. Laborers are separated into employed, own-account workers, and employers, with each category divided into agricultural and non-agricultural. In a second set of analyses, non-agricultural own-account workers are categorized as high and low growth potential and non-agricultural wage workers are separated into informal and formal sector. Results from fixed effects regression models indicate that local development significantly reduces the rate of own-account agricultural work and increases non-agricultural wage labor and employer self-employment. As less developed areas advance, the largest initial increase in non-agricultural work is in the informal sector. But, in more developed communities, social development increasingly predicts growth in formal sector employment and more selective entry into non-agricultural own-account work. The findings suggest that investment in community-level social development has the potential to reduce subsistence self-employment, encourage formal sector work, and promote entrepreneurship. Yet, the greatest gains occur in communities that already have mid to high levels of social development.

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confidence: 92%

Is Local Social Development Associated with Workforce Composition? A Municipal Analysis of Mexico, 1990–2015

Wassink

2018

Popul Res Policy Rev

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“…Despite recent improvements in coverage, disparities still exist. Immigrants from Mexico to the US had high uninsured rates and inadequate access to care [ 20 ]. In fact, 62% of surveyed Mexican individuals living within the US in 2013 had no regular source of care and instead relied on private clinics and pharmacies [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immigrants from Mexico to the US had high uninsured rates and inadequate access to care [ 20 ]. In fact, 62% of surveyed Mexican individuals living within the US in 2013 had no regular source of care and instead relied on private clinics and pharmacies [ 20 ]. Nonelderly adults with HI coverage in Massachusetts often reported additional financial barriers to care and difficulties paying for medical bills compared to the elderly [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health insurance coverage and access to care in China

Lee

Wang

Shi

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Objective The study examined the relationship between health insurance coverage and access to needed healthcare including preventive, primary, and tertiary care among Chinese adult population. Data and methods Data for this study came from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a population-based probability sample survey. Key measures included insurance coverage (high-, moderate-, low- and no-insurance), access to care (physical examination, physician visit, office visit, inpatient care, and satisfaction with care), and personal sociodemographics. Multiple-factor generalized linear mixed model was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of HI coverage for the four indicators of access to care, after controlling for individual characteristics and aggregation among different villages. Results The majority of Chinese adults had some health insurance with only 3.15% uninsured. However, most had low-coverage insurance (64.82%), followed by moderate-coverage insurance (16.70%), and high-coverage insurance (15.33%). Health insurance was significantly and positively associated with access to needed healthcare (preventive, primary, and tertiary). There was also a significant gradient association between extent of insurance coverage and access to care. Conclusion Not only health insurance mattered in enhancing access to care but that there was a significant gradient association between extent of insurance coverage and access to care with higher coverage relating to better access.

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“…A wide range of health insurance schemes can be designed to protect the health of migrants within a given country-specific context. For example, the Government of Mexico introduced a cross-border health insurance system to protect the health of uninsured Mexican migrants living and working in the USA, their families who remain in Mexico, and migrants who later return to Mexico [5,6]. China established social health insurance for rural-to-urban internal migrants, which helped reduce out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) for health services and removed the financial burden of inpatient services for health facilities [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a Voluntary Non-Profit Health Insurance Scheme for Migrants along the Thai–Myanmar Border: A Case Study of the Migrant Fund in Thailand

Pudpong

Durier²,

Julchoo

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Access to health care and financial protection for migrants can be promoted through diverse health insurance schemes, designed to suit migrants’ needs within a specific context. The Migrant Fund (M-Fund) is a voluntary, non-profit health insurance scheme operating along the Thai–Myanmar border in Thailand since 2017 and aims to protect the health of migrants uncovered by existing government insurance schemes. A qualitative evaluation was conducted between December 2018 and March 2019 to determine M-Fund’s operational impacts, provide recommendations for improvement, and draw suggestions about its role in protecting migrant health. In-depth interviews with 20 individuals and 5 groups were conducted in three categories: (1) International, national, and local partners; (2) M-Fund clients; and (3) M-Fund staff. Interview information was triangulated with findings from other informants, a document review, and researchers’ observations. Despite covering a small number of 9131 migrants, the M-Fund has contributed to improving access to care for migrants, raised awareness about migrant health protection, and reduced the financial burden for public hospitals. The M-Fund acts as a safety-net initiative for those left behind due to unclear government policy to protect the health of undocumented/illegal migrants. Despite clear merits, the issue of adverse selection to the scheme is a critical challenge. Evidence from this evaluation is useful to inform the future design of government insurance schemes for migrants.

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Uninsured migrants: Health insurance coverage and access to care among Mexican return migrants

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Is Local Social Development Associated with Workforce Composition? A Municipal Analysis of Mexico, 1990–2015

Is Local Social Development Associated with Workforce Composition? A Municipal Analysis of Mexico, 1990–2015

Health insurance coverage and access to care in China

Assessment of a Voluntary Non-Profit Health Insurance Scheme for Migrants along the Thai–Myanmar Border: A Case Study of the Migrant Fund in Thailand

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