Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia in an adult patient

Abstract

Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) is a developmental anomaly of the lung parenchyma, characterized by a decrease in the number and size of airways, alveoli and vessels. We present a case of a 31-year-old patient with a history of chronic productive cough and frequent respiratory infections, who was referred for investigation of abnormal chest x-ray. The combination of chest computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy set the diagnosis of left pulmonary hypoplasia and the patient was treated surgically with a left pneumonectomy. PH is usually diagnosed immediately after birth, causing severe respiratory failure with high mortality. The less severe, unilateral forms can possibly survive by causing compensatory hyperinflation of the other lung and remain undiagnosed until adulthood, presenting either asymptomatic or with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and recurrent respiratory infections. Chest CT is considered the imaging technique of choice for the diagnosis and for the differential diagnosis from other congenital or acquired conditions. The treatment is usually conservative, although surgical resection is indicated in cases of severe cystic changes and intense symptomatology.

A Rare Case of Lung Hypoplasia, Cardiac Anomalies and Ovarian Tumour in a Patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

“…Lung development starts from the 26 th day of intrauterine life and is completed in the early post-natal period. 8 Pulmonary Hypoplasia may be primary or secondary. Primary pulmonary Hypoplasia is an intrinsic defect in lung development with an incidence of 1-2 cases per 12,2000 live births.…”

“…Lung development starts from the 26 th day of intrauterine life and is completed in the early post-natal period. 8 Pulmonary hypoplasia may be primary or secondary; primary pulmonary hypoplasia is an intrinsic defect in lung development with an incidence of 1–2 cases per 12,000 live births. Several mechanisms, such as decreased hemi-thoracic volume, decreased pulmonary vascular perfusion, fetal movements and lung fields are implicated in secondary pulmonary hypoplasia.…”

Case Report: Unilateral Pulmonary Hypoplasia Presenting as Reccurent Pulmonary Infection

“…In rare cases, no apparent cause is recognized, so they are referred to as primary (idiopathic) lung hypoplasia. In some of these a familial occurrence has been recognized and the hypothesis of a lack of transcription or growth factors regulating growth of normal lung epithelium, which are possibly inherited in an autosomal recessive mode, has been proposed (Papadopoulos et al, 2018).…”

Diagnostic Value of Multi-Slice Spiral Computed Tomography for Bronchial Dysplasia in Premature Infants

“…We observed bronchial morphology, size, and organization characteristics. Two weeks after the MSCT examination, a fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, strictly according to the 2015 fiberoptic bronchoscopy manual [ 18 ]. We used fiberoptic bronchoscopy as the criterion standard for diagnoses, and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of MSCT for diagnosing bronchial dysplasia as follows: sensitivity=number of true positive patients/number of criterion standard-positive patients ×100%; specificity=number of true-negative patients/number of criterion standard-negative patients ×100%; diagnostic compliance=(number of true-positive patients+number of true-negative patients)/total number ×100%.…”