Unilateral parietal brain injury increases risk-taking on a rat gambling task

Ozga-Hess, Jenny E.; Whirtley, Cory; O'Hearn, Christopher M; Pechacek, Kristen M.; Haar, Cole Vonder

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113217

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The first study assessed the effects of a bilateral frontal TBI delivered either before (“acquisition” condition), or after (“trained” condition), learning the RGT ( Shaver et al, 2019 ). The second assessed the effects of a unilateral TBI on acquisition of RGT learning ( Ozga-Hess et al, 2020 ). The remaining two are in preparation for publication, but both used bilateral frontal TBI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats were trained as previously reported on the RGT ( Zeeb and Winstanley, 2013 ; Shaver et al, 2019 ; Ozga-Hess et al, 2020 ). In brief, nosepoking behavior was shaped by reinforcing pokes to an illuminated hole.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a rat model of TBI, we have reported findings strikingly similar to the human condition. Rats with either a frontal or unilateral TBI demonstrated reduced optimal decision-making on an analog of the IGT, the Rodent Gambling Task (RGT) ( Shaver et al, 2019 ; Ozga-Hess et al, 2020 ), in which rats can make safe or risky choices by nosepoking in different holes in an operant chamber. Moreover, they distributed their choices to both a less risky (but suboptimal) choice, and riskier choices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is rationale to evaluate if behavior is allocated according to relative rates of reinforcement (i.e., matching: molar sensitivity) or if there are high sensitivities to immediate outcomes (i.e., shifting behavior based on a “win” or “loss”: molecular sensitivity). TBI causes changes to decision-making behavior on this task ( Shaver et al, 2019 ; Ozga-Hess et al, 2020 ) and may disrupt sensitivity to either molar or molecular outcome dynamics. In the current study, we aimed to compare molar, molecular, and atheoretical accounts of RGT choice behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-N Rat Data Enables Phenotyping of Risky Decision-Making: A Retrospective Analysis of Brain Injury on the Rodent Gambling Task

Haar

Frankot

Reck

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Decision-making is substantially altered after brain injuries. Patients and rats with brain injury are more likely to make suboptimal, and sometimes risky choices. Such changes in decision-making may arise from alterations in how sensitive individuals are to outcomes. To assess this, we compiled and harmonized a large dataset from four studies of TBI, each of which evaluated behavior on the Rodent Gambling Task (RGT). We then determined whether the following were altered: (1) sensitivity to overall contingencies, (2) sensitivity to immediate outcomes, or (3) general choice phenotypes. Overall sensitivity was evaluated using the matching law, immediate sensitivity by looking at the probability of switching choices given a win or loss, and choice phenotypes by k-means clustering. We found significant reductions in sensitivity to the overall outcomes and a bias toward riskier alternatives in TBI rats. However, the substantial individual variability led to poor overall fits in matching analyses. We also found that TBI caused a significant reduction in the tendency to repeatedly choose a given option, but no difference in win- or loss-specific sensitivity. Finally, clustering revealed 5 distinct decision-making phenotypes and TBI reduced membership in the “optimal” type. The current findings support a hypothesis that TBI reduces sensitivity to contingencies. However, in the case of tasks such as the RGT, this is not a simple shift to indiscriminate or less discriminate responding. Rather, TBI rats are more likely to develop suboptimal preferences and frequently switch choices. Treatments will have to consider how this behavior might be corrected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-N Rat Data Enables Phenotyping of Risky Decision-Making: A Retrospective Analysis of Brain Injury on the Rodent Gambling Task

Haar

Frankot

Reck

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…There are, however, conflicting findings on how lesion location impacts decision-making. In mice, for example, spatially non-specific associations have been found between unilateral parietal and bilateral frontal lesions, on the one hand, and riskier decision-making and increased impulsivity, on the other hand [91,92]. By contrast, however, human studies indicate that decision-making deficits are not limited to cases involving frontal lesions [93].…”

Section: Decision-making Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury predicts the occurrence of brain atrophy patterns similar to those observed in Alzheimer’s disease

Rostowsky

Irimia

2021

GeroScience

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are often followed by persistent structural brain alterations and by cognitive sequalae, including memory deficits, reduced neural processing speed, impaired social function, and decision-making difficulties. Although mild TBI (mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the extent to which these conditions share patterns of macroscale neurodegeneration has not been quantified. Comparing such patterns can not only reveal how the neurodegenerative trajectories of TBI and AD are similar, but may also identify brain atrophy features which can be leveraged to prognosticate AD risk after TBI. The primary aim of this study is to systematically map how TBI affects white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) properties in AD-analogous patterns. Our findings identify substantial similarities in the regional macroscale neurodegeneration patterns associated with mTBI and AD. In cerebral GM, such similarities are most extensive in brain areas involved in memory and executive function, such as the temporal poles and orbitofrontal cortices, respectively. Our results indicate that the spatial pattern of cerebral WM degradation observed in AD is broadly similar to the pattern of diffuse axonal injury observed in TBI, which frequently affects WM structures like the fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiata. Using machine learning, we find that the severity of AD-like brain changes observed during the chronic stage of mTBI can be accurately prognosticated based on acute assessments of post-traumatic mild cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that acute post-traumatic cognitive impairment predicts the magnitude of AD-like brain atrophy, which is itself associated with AD risk.

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Neuroprotective Roles of the Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonist AST-004 in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2021

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Unilateral parietal brain injury increases risk-taking on a rat gambling task

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Large-N Rat Data Enables Phenotyping of Risky Decision-Making: A Retrospective Analysis of Brain Injury on the Rodent Gambling Task

Large-N Rat Data Enables Phenotyping of Risky Decision-Making: A Retrospective Analysis of Brain Injury on the Rodent Gambling Task

Acute cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury predicts the occurrence of brain atrophy patterns similar to those observed in Alzheimer’s disease

Neuroprotective Roles of the Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonist AST-004 in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

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