Unilateral optic neuritis as the presenting symptom of human immunodeficiency virus toxoplasmosis infection*

Kallenbach, Klaus; Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01034.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Optic neuritis has many causes; it may be associated to a broad range of autoimmune or infectious diseases , and it is closely associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, ON is the initial symptom of MS in ~25% of cases, and may occur during the disease in about 70%, usually in the relapsing‐remitting phase .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimental optic neuritis in rats

Aranda

Fleitas

Laurentiis

et al. 2016

Journal of Pineal Research

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Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative condition of the optic nerve, which might induce permanent vision loss. Currently, there are no effective therapies for this disorder. We have developed an experimental model of primary ON in rats through a single microinjection of 4.5 μg of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the optic nerve. Since melatonin acts as a pleiotropic therapeutic agent in various neurodegenerative diseases, we analyzed the effect of melatonin on LPS-induced ON. For this purpose, LPS or vehicle were injected into the optic nerve from adult male Wistar rats. One group of animals received a subcutaneous pellet of 20 mg melatonin at 24 hr before vehicle or LPS injection, and another group was submitted to a sham procedure. Melatonin completely prevented the decrease in visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and pupil light reflex (PLR), and preserved anterograde transport of cholera toxin β-subunit from the retina to the superior colliculus. Moreover, melatonin prevented microglial reactivity (ED1-immunoreactivity, P < 0.01), astrocytosis (glial fibrillary acid protein-immunostaining, P < 0.05), demyelination (luxol fast blue staining, P < 0.01), and axon (toluidine blue staining, P < 0.01) and retinal ganglion cell (Brn3a-immunoreactivity, P < 0.01) loss, induced by LPS. Melatonin completely prevented the increase in nitric oxide synthase 2, cyclooxygenase-2 levels (Western blot) and TNFα levels, and partly prevented lipid peroxidation induced by experimental ON. When the pellet of melatonin was implanted at 4 days postinjection of LPS, it completely reversed the decrease in VEPs and PLR. These data suggest that melatonin could be a promising candidate for ON treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimental optic neuritis in rats

Aranda

Fleitas

Laurentiis

et al. 2016

Journal of Pineal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…ON may be associated to several infectious or autoimmune diseases [ 109 , 110 , 117 ], such as sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and HIV [ 118 - 121 ], among others [ 110 , 122 , 123 ]. ON is closely linked to multiple sclerosis (MS).…”

Section: Optic Neuritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin as a Therapeutic Resource for Inflammatory Visual Diseases

Aranda

Fleitas

Dieguez

et al. 2017

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Background: Uveitis and optic neuritis are prevalent ocular inflammatory diseases, and highly damaging ocular conditions. Both diseases are currently treated with corticosteroids, but they do not have adequate efficacy and are often associated with severe side effects. Thus, uveitis and optic neuritis remain a challenging field to ophthalmologists and a significant public health concern.Objective: This review summarizes findings showing the benefits of a treatment with melatonin in experimental models of these inflammatory ocular diseases.Results: Oxidative and nitrosative damage, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin production have been involved in the pathogeny of uveitis and optic neuritis. Melatonin is an efficient antioxidant and antinitridergic, and has the ability to reduce prostaglandin and tumor necrosis factor levels both in the retina and optic nerve. Moreover, melatonin not only prevents functional and structural consequences of experimental uveitis and optic neuritis, but it is also capable of suppressing the actively ongoing ocular inflammatory response.Conclusions:Since melatonin protects ocular tissues against inflammation, it could be a potentially useful anti-inflammatory therapy in ophthalmology.

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“…Microvascular retinopathy was defined by cotton wool spots or retinal haemorrhage or microaneurysm. Optic neuropathy was characterized by haemorrhages, oedema or pallor of the optic nerve head (Kallenbach & Frederiksen 2008).…”

Section: Associations With the Prevalence Of Cytomegalovirus Retinitmentioning

confidence: 99%