Unilateral occurrence of a chondroepitrochlearis muscle

Sarıkcıoğlu, Levent; Yıldırım, Fatoş Belgin; Chiba, Shoji

doi:10.1002/ca.10179

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This distribution would explain why a lesion of C6 causes a paralysis of the sternal portion, whereas a lesion of C5 or C6 does not cause paralysis of the clavicular portion. Conversely, Schumacher (1908) reported the clavicular portion to be innervated by C5, C6, and C7, the superior part of the sternal portion by C6 and C7, the middle one by C6, C7, and the inferior one by C7, C8, and T1.…”

Section: Motor Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chondroepitrochlearis muscle has mainly been reported to be innervated by the MPN (Flaherty et al,1999; Sarikcioglu et al,2004; Jaijesh,2005; Loukas et al,2005; Georgiev and Jelev,2008; Samuel and Vollala,2008; Barcia and Genovés,2009). Spinner et al (1991) reported dual innervation by the MPN and by a nervous branch arising from the confluence between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve.…”

Section: Pns In Anatomical Variations Of the Pectoral Girdle Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

et al. 2011

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The pectoral nerves (PNs) may be selectively injured through various traumatic mechanisms such as direct trauma, hypertrophic muscle compression, and iatrogenic injuries (breast surgery and axillary node dissection, pectoralis major muscle transfers). The PN may be surgically recovered through nerve transfers. They may also be used as donors to the musculocutaneous, axillary, long thoracic, and spinal accessory nerves and for reinnervation of myocutaneous free flaps. Thus, in this article, we reviewed the surgical anatomy of PN. A meta-analysis of the available literature showed that the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) arises most frequently with two branches from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks (33.8%) or as a single root from the lateral cord (23.4%). The medial pectoral nerve (MPN) usually arises from the medial cord (49.3%), anterior division of the lower trunk (43.8%), or lower trunk (4.7%). The two PN are usually connected immediately distal to the thoracoacromial artery by the so-called ansa pectoralis. The MPN may also show communications with the intercostobrachial nerve. In 50%-100% of cases, it may pass, at least with some branches, through the pectoralis minor muscle. The LPN supplies the upper portions of the pectoralis major muscle; the MPN innervates the lower parts of the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor muscle. Among the accessory muscles of the pectoral girdle, the LPN may also innervate the tensor semivaginae articulationis humero-scapularis, pectoralis minimus, sternoclavicularis, axillary arch, sternalis, and infraclavicularis muscles; the MPN may innervate the pectoralis quartus, chondrofascialis, axillary arch, chondroepitrochlearis, and sternalis muscles.

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Section: Motor Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pns In Anatomical Variations Of the Pectoral Girdle Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

et al. 2011

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“…An origin from the lateral margin of the pectoralis major muscle has also been reported. However, this anomalous muscle follows a course deviating from this margin and crosses the axilla to be inserted in the medial surface of the humerus, distal to the pectoralis major tendon and usually in the medial epicondyle of the humerus [3,22,23].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Natsis

Vlasis

Totlis

et al. 2009

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Purpose The present study aimed at summarizing and presenting the anomalous muscles that a surgeon might encounter during axillary lymphadenectomy (AL). Methods For this purpose, both the anatomical and surgical literature was reviewed and an anatomical study on 107 cadavers was carried out. Furthermore, based on the anatomical features of the anomalous muscles that came up during our study and taking into consideration the landmarks of the AL, we further analyzed the complications that may arise from each of these muscles, along with their preoperative and intraoperative recognition and management. Results The literature review revealed that there are three supernumerary muscles that may affect the AL, namely the Langer's axillary arch, the pectoralis quartus and the chondroepitrochlearis muscles, as well as the aplasia of the lower part of the pectoralis major muscle. Eight out of the 107 (7.48%) cadavers that we dissected had such an abnormal muscle in the axilla. Specifically, the axillary arch was found unilaterally in five cadavers (4.67%) and the pectoralis quartus muscle was present unilaterally in three cadavers (2.8%). One cadaver had both an axillary arch and a pectoralis quartus muscle in the right side. The abdominal and almost the whole sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major as well the pectoralis minor muscle were absent in one cadaver (0.93%). The chondroepitrochlearis muscle was not found in any of the cadavers that we dissected. Conclusions The present study offers the necessary preoperative knowledge for recognizing these muscles during AL, avoiding thus the complications that may arise from them.

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“…The insertion of this rare muscular slip is also varied. There are very few reports of occurrence of chondroepitrochlearis muscle in the literature globally (Landry, 1958; Aziz, 1980; Chiba et al ., 1983; Ohtani et al ., 1986; Sarikcioglu et al ., 2004; Loukas et al ., 2005) but there is no report of this rare muscle in the Indian population. This is the first instance of this anomalous muscle to be encountered over a period of 25 years in the dissection hall at Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual pectoralis major muscle: The chondroepitrochlearis

Samuel

Vollala

2008

Anatomical Science International

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Presented herein is a case of an extremely rare muscle in the pectoral region. It involved an accessory muscular slip originating from the pectoralis major and inserting onto the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial intermuscular septum. According to the literature this muscle is defined as chondroepitrochlearis. The arterial and nervous supply to the muscle came from the lateral thoracic artery and the medial pectoral nerve, respectively. Clinical considerations of such a variation include ulnar nerve entrapment and functionally limited abduction of the humerus.

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Unilateral occurrence of a chondroepitrochlearis muscle

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

Surgical anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the pectoral musculature

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Unusual pectoralis major muscle: The chondroepitrochlearis

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