Unilateral nasal obstruction affects motor representation development within the face primary motor cortex in growing rats

Abe, Yukichi; Kato, Chiho; Koecklin, Karin Harumi Uchima; Okihara, Hidemasa; Ishida, Takeshi; Fujita, Köichi; Yabushita, Tomohiro; Kokai, Satoshi; Ono, Takashi

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01130.2016

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Previous research demonstrated that oral breathing induces chewing activity (24), but whether the decrease in chewing activity will reduce the bone density of alveolar bones remains unclear. Oral breathing is known to affect craniofacial muscle activity (6,8,9,10). Nonetheless, further studies are needed to explore the relationship between craniofacial muscle activity and the density of alveolar bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral breathing has an important impact on the growth and development of craniofacial structures (1,2,3,4,5). Animal experiments demonstrated that changes in breathing patterns from the nasal cavity to the oral cavity can induce changes in craniofacial muscle activity (6,7,8,9,10,11). Recent studies have focused on the effect of oral breathing on the morphology of maxillofacial (12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alveolar Bone Density Reduction in Rats Caused by Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

Wang¹,

Cao²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Balkan Med J

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Background:Oral breathing can cause morphological changes in the oral and maxillofacial regions.Aims:To investigate whether oral breathing affected structural changes in bone tissues.Study Design:Animal experimentation.Methods:A total of 48 8-day-old male Sprague−Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a breathing group and a sham (control) group. All Sprague−Dawley rats were killed at 7 weeks after unilateral nostril obstruction modeling. Then, structural changes in bone tissues were detected by micro-computed tomography, and the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in the signal pathway of bone metabolism within the local alveolar bone and serum of rats were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.Results:The results showed that receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB levels in bone tissues and serum in the oral breathing group were higher than those in the control group [Maxillary alveolar bone: receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (pRNA=0.009, pprotein=0.008), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (pRNA=0.008, pprotein=0.009); Mandibular alveolar bone: receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (pRNA=0.047, pprotein=0.042), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (pRNA=0.041, pprotein=0.007); Serum: receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (pRNA<0.001, pprotein<0.001), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (pRNA<0.001, pprotein<0.001)], along with decreased osteoprotegerin expression (Maxillary alveolar bone: pRNA=0.038, pprotein=0.048; Mandibular alveolar bone: pRNA<0.001, pprotein<0.001; Serum: pRNA=0.009, pprotein=0.006) and elevated receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin. Micro-computed tomography analysis indicated a significant difference in the level of bone volume fraction, as well as trabecular thickness in maxillary alveolar bone between the experimental and control groups (p=0.049, p=0.047). Meanwhile, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness levels in mandibular alveolar bone also differed significantly between the experimental and control groups (p=0.043, p=0.024).Conclusion:Structural changes of the respiratory system affect the alveolar bone structure and unilateral nasal obstruction may lead to a change in regional specific bone density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Alveolar Bone Density Reduction in Rats Caused by Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

Wang¹,

Cao²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Balkan Med J

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“…The functional independence and motor improvements might have alleviated the adverse cerebrovascular effects of OSAS, possibly through enhanced neuroplasticity. A previous study found that unilateral nasal obstruction in rats during growth periods induced changes in arterial SaO 2 % and altered the development of motor representation within the face primary cortex ( 39 ). The greater reduction in alveolar ventilation during REM sleep also resulted in transient declines in SaO 2 % from a sustained level of hypoxia during NREM sleep for OSAS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Muscle Exercise Therapy Improves Signs and Symptoms of Post-stroke Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Chen

Song

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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The primary aim of the current study was to assess the effects of oropharingeal muscle exercises in obstruction severity on stroke patients with OSAS. The secondary aims were to evaluate the effects of the exercises on rehabilitation of neurological function, sleeping, and morphology change of upper airway. An open-label, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial was designed. Fifty post-stroke patients with moderate OSAS were randomly assigned into 2 groups (25 in each group). For the therapy group, oropharyngeal muscle exercise was performed during the daytime for 20 min, twice a day, for 6 weeks. The control group was subjected to sham therapy of deep breathing. Primary outcomes were the obstruction severity by polysomnography. Secondary outcomes included recovery of motor and neurocognitive function, personal activities of daily living assessment (ADL), sleep quality and sleepiness scale. It also included upper airway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Assessments were made at baseline and after 6-week exercise. Finally, 49 patients completed the study. The apnea–hypopnea index, snore index, arousal index, and minimum oxygen saturation improved after exercise (P < 0.05). Oropharyngeal muscle exercises improved subjective measurements of sleep quality (P = 0.017), daily sleepiness (P = 0.005), and performance (both P < 0.05) except for neurocognition (P = 0.741). The changes in obstruction improvement, sleep characteristics and performance scale were also associated with training time, as detected by Pearson's correlation analysis. The anatomic structural remodeling of the pharyngeal airway was measured using MRI, including the lager retropalatal distance (P = 0.018) and shorter length of soft palate (P = 0.044) compared with the baseline. Hence, oropharyngeal muscle exercise is a promising alternative treatment strategy for stroke patients with moderate OSAS.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-IPR-16009970

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“…In the primary motor cortex mapping study, it was revealed that the change in neuroplasticity due to UNO was a lateral change in the center of gravity of the positive ICMS site (Abe et al, 2017). This is indicative of reorganization of motor expression in the primary motor cortex (Yadav et al, 2003;Abe et al, 2017).…”

Section: Reliability Of the Icms-de Ned Motor Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction on the Development of the Cortical Masticatory Area in Growing Rats

Fujita¹,

Kato²,

Abe³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The cortical masticatory area (CMA) regulates masticatory movements and controls rhythmic jaw movements. However, information regarding the effect of respiratory disturbances on the functional development of the CMA remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction (UNO) on the motor representation of the anterior digastric (AD) muscle during the growth period. Forty-eight 8-day-old male Wistar albino rats were randomized into control (CONT, n=24) and UNO (n=24) groups. Both groups underwent intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) at ages 5, 7, and 9 weeks. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle were measured throughout the experiment. The SpO2 values were significantly lower in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Further, the number of positive ICMS sites for the AD muscle was significantly higher in the UNO group than in the CONT group at each age. Intragroup comparisons revealed that the number of positive ICMS sites increased with age. The onset latencies of the evoked AD potential significantly differed between the right and left sides. However, no differences were found between the CONT and UNO groups at any age. These findings suggest that UNO during development induces changes in the motor representation in the CMA.

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Unilateral nasal obstruction affects motor representation development within the face primary motor cortex in growing rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 73 publications

Alveolar Bone Density Reduction in Rats Caused by Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

Alveolar Bone Density Reduction in Rats Caused by Unilateral Nasal Obstruction

Oropharyngeal Muscle Exercise Therapy Improves Signs and Symptoms of Post-stroke Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Effects of Unilateral Nasal Obstruction on the Development of the Cortical Masticatory Area in Growing Rats

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