Unilateral memory after binocular discrimination training: left hemisphere dominance in the chick?

Gaston, Karen E.; Gaston, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90228-2

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Studies, which have tested the visual discrimination in the chick, have consistently shown the importance of the right eye and the left hemisphere pathway in acquisition of such tasks (Rogers, 1986). The results presented here in which the left hemisphere has a superiority to the right hemisphere in terms of increase in N V syn after training in certain illumination colors are consistent with the idea of the importance of the left hemisphere in visual discrimination learning (Gasten and Gasten, 1984;Rogers, 1986;Patel and Stewart, 1988;Doubell and Stewart, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In their study, the number and structure of dendritic spines were investigated one day after passive avoidance training and it has been found that the increase of the spine density is more pronounced in the left IMHV. It is likely that changes in spine shape and an increase of spine density observed in the left hemisphere may be involved in modulating synaptic connectivity, since information reaches the cell body via dendritic spines (Patel and Stewart, 1988) Gaston and Gaston have also suggested that memory for complex pattern discrimination task may be stored only in the left hemisphere (Gasten and Gasten, 1984). Moreover, the pathways used in the passive avoidance learning task are located in the left hemisphere, and interfering with this hemisphere disrupts their development, but similar disruption is not observed following similar treatment in the right hemisphere (Rogers, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Color Changes The Density and Height of Synapses in an Area of the Brain Essential For Learning

Tümkaya¹,

Kaplan²,

METE³

et al. 2010

jecm

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The effects of pre and post-passive avoidance training, and exposure to different wavelengths of light on numerical synapse density and the mean projected synapse height in the intermediate and medial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the chick brain were investigated. Synaptic counts and the mean projected synapse height measurements were done using a 3-dimensional stereological probe, the disector, which requires no assumptions about size, shape, and orientation of synapses. It was found that there was a significant increase in the density of synapses in the left IMHV of chicks in white, yellow and red light illuminations respectively. However, the mean projected height of synapses in these chicks was significantly increased in the right IMHV under white, yellow, green but not red light illumination conditions. These results suggest that numerical and structural modification of synapses may depend on wavelengths of white, yellow, red and green lights.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Color Changes The Density and Height of Synapses in an Area of the Brain Essential For Learning

Tümkaya¹,

Kaplan²,

METE³

et al. 2010

jecm

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show abstract

“…Studies in various avian species revealed a superiority of the right eye for experiments which require the birds to distinguish between different visual objects [7,18,31,42], to memorize hundreds of abstract patterns [6], or to infer a higher-order rule from serial visual color reversals [2]. If using object-cues or absolute distance measures during orientation in small-scale [32,40] or large-scale environments [41] chicks and pigeons also reach higher levels of performance when viewing with the right eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic light stimulation induces different asymmetries in visuoperceptual and visuomotor pathways of pigeons

Skiba

Diekamp

Güntürkün

2002

Behavioural Brain Research

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In birds, visual object discrimination performance is lateralized with a dominance of the right eye/left hemisphere. This asymmetry is induced by embryonic light stimulation. However, visually guided behavior, even during simple object distinction tasks, is composed of different behavioral and neural modules. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test whether all neural subsystems involved in visual discriminations are lateralized in a similar way after prehatch visual stimulation. To examine this question, two behavioral paradigms were used which reveal complementary aspects of visually guided behavior. The first was the grain Á/grit discrimination task in which no left Á/right differences in the number of pecks, but significant differences in the number of grains can be found. Therefore, grain Á/grit discrimination reveals visuoperceptual performance but not visuomotor speed. The contrary seems to be the case for a successive pattern discrimination with a VR32 schedule. Here, the hemispheres do not differ with respect to discrimination accuracy but with regard to the number of pecks emitted. Thus, successive pattern discrimination with lean VR schedules reveals hemispheric differences in visuomotor speed without testing visuoperceptual performance. Using these two paradigms a group of light and a group of dark incubated pigeons were tested. The results show that dark incubated birds evinced no asymmetry in any measure while light incubated ones were right-eye dominant in both variables. However, light incubation induced a visual left hemispheric dominance by modulating two different processes, a left-hemispheric increase of visuoperceptual processes; and a right-hemispheric decrease for visuomotor speed. Taken together these data show that embryonic light stimulation elicits visual lateralization by differently modulating visuoperceptual and visuomotor systems in both hemispheres. #

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“…The common aspect of all of these studies is that lateralized performance levels are observed while the animals discriminate the relevant stimuli for minutes or hours with the left or the right eye only. In some of these studies it could be shown that the right hemisphere could not access over 30 or more minutes the knowledge about the consequences of past behavior, which was present in the left half of the brain [4,8]. Although birds lack a corpus callosum, they have a hippocampal, an anterior, an amygdalar, a supraoptic as well as several brainstem commissures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unihemispheric memory in pigeons-knowledge, the left hemisphere is reluctant to share

Nottelmann

Wohlschläger

Güntürkün

2002

Behavioural Brain Research

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In the present study, pigeons were trained under binocular conditions in a conditional visual discrimination in which they were faced with two identical patterns arranged one above the other. In half of these stimulus pairs the animals had to peck the upper pattern, in the other half the lower one. Although only six pairs of stimuli were used, only four out of eight birds reached learning criterion. These animals needed up to 6 months of training with 3050 to 6650 trails. Then, the experiment proceeded under identical conditions using eye caps restricting vision alternatively to the left or the right eye. These monocular tests revealed that three out of four birds virtually had no knowledge of the task contingencies using their left eye (right hemisphere). Again, several thousand trials were needed to train the birds to criterion with their left eye, while they were simultaneously discriminating at a very high level with their right. These results show that memories on task contingencies are stored unihemispherically in the visually dominant left side despite extensive training with both eyes open. Additionally, it can be concluded that the subsequent read-out by the 'naive' hemisphere can be largely restricted, resulting in a 'natural split-brain' like situation in birds. It is speculated that the absence of a corpus callosum in birds restricts interhemispheric transfer of information. #

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Unilateral memory after binocular discrimination training: left hemisphere dominance in the chick?

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Light Color Changes The Density and Height of Synapses in an Area of the Brain Essential For Learning

Light Color Changes The Density and Height of Synapses in an Area of the Brain Essential For Learning

Embryonic light stimulation induces different asymmetries in visuoperceptual and visuomotor pathways of pigeons

Unihemispheric memory in pigeons-knowledge, the left hemisphere is reluctant to share

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