Unilateral Elevation of the Diaphragm in Dystrophia Myotonica

Cholelithiasis and Associated Complications of Myotonia Dystrophica

“…Unilateral diaphragmatic elevation attributed to muscle atrophy has been reported. 9 The radiologic confirmation of bronchiectasis in three of our patients is significant; however, the dilatation might be secondary to repeated episodes of pneumonia. As an incidental factor, the hypoventilation could be the basis for the lowered basal metabolic rate which has raised suspicion of hypothyroidism.…”

Myotonic Dystrophy – A Multisystem Disease Report of 67 Cases and a Review of the Literature

“…M yotony of th e d iap h rag m [45,63], u n ilatera l elevation of th e d iaphragm [45] an d ab n o rm al response (apnea) to a n a sth e tic m aterials [48] are noted in MD cases.…”

“…L ater th e degeneration progresses and the site of th e fibres is m arked solely by long rows of nuclei [13,42,43]. Sim ilar changes were found in th e m uscles of th e upper oeso phagus, in extrinsic m uscles of the lary n x and in th e diaphragm [31,42,43,44,45,46], V ariab ility in size of fibres, a tro p h y and som etim es fibrosis or fa tty degeneration were observed in th e h ea rt muscle [44,47]. No changes in th e ce n tral nervous system were found in pure cases of MD [30,31,41].…”

“…T he second p ath o g en etic fa cto r is a " h y p o v en tilatio n sy ndrom e" -an im p a irm e n t of alveolar v en tila tio n caused b y a w eakness of th e chest bellows [12,31,45,61,62,63,64]. M yotony of th e d iap h rag m [45,63], u n ilatera l elevation of th e d iaphragm [45] an d ab n o rm al response (apnea) to a n a sth e tic m aterials [48] are noted in MD cases.…”

“…M any MD p a tie n ts stiffer from re p eated infections and pu lm o n ary diseases [3,24,31,43,45,49,58,59].…”