Unilateral accommodation spasm: Case report and literature review

Peinado, García; Sanz, P. Merino; Pérez, I. del Cerro; Sánchez, Pilar Gómez de Liaño

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2019.01.008

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This condition can confuse pseudomyopia diagnosis [ 16 ]. On the other hand, the condition is bilateral, although there are some unilateral cases registered, as with those presented by Peinado et al [ 14 ], Rutstein et al [ 12 ], London et al [ 18 ] and Hughes et al [ 25 ], in which the condition was observed only when the binocular vision was disrupted. So, it is recommended to register monocular and binocular visual acuity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Most of the studies referred to terms such as near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] and accommodation spasms [ 10 , 14 , 19 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Immediately after accommodative efforts to focus on the near, the individuals with the condition have an inability to reduce the power of the crystalline lens rapidly and fully to focus afar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, an accommodative spasm is associated with miosis and excessive convergence of the near reflex [ 17 , 34 , 35 ]. However, it may also exist as an isolated entity without convergence and miosis [ 12 , 14 , 22 , 25 , 36 ], which is in fact the target of the current review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ocular examinations should include an assessment of extraocular movements and an orthoptic exam to identify convergence excess or spasms characterized by intermittent episodes of variable esotropia [ 9 , 14 , 17 , 34 , 54 ] or large exophoria [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 26 ]. A detailed orthoptic evaluation should be performed in all cases of an accommodative spasm before assuming that it is idiopathic [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refraction is one of pseudomyopia’s diagnostic signs. In fact, several authors define pseudomyopia as an apparent myopia that is acute in onset and disappears in the eyes when they are cyclopleged [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Pseudomyopia: A Review

García-Montero

Felipe-Marquez

Arriola‐Villalobos

et al. 2022

Vision

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This review has identified evidence about pseudomyopia as the result of an increase in ocular refractive power due to an overstimulation of the eye’s accommodative mechanism. It cannot be confused with the term “secondary myopia”, which includes transient myopic shifts caused by lenticular refractive index changes and myopia associated with systemic syndromes. The aim was to synthesize the literature on qualitative evidence about pseudomyopia in terms that clarify its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and the Scopus database was carried out for articles published up to November 2021, without a data limit. This review was reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The terms pseudomyopia and accommodation spasm have been found in most of the studies reviewed. The review has warned that although there is agreement on the assessment and diagnosis of the condition, there is no consensus on its management, and the literature describes a range of treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pseudomyopia: A Review

García-Montero

Felipe-Marquez

Arriola‐Villalobos

et al. 2022

Vision

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Accommodative spasm and its different treatment approaches: A systematic review

Manna

Karmakar

Bhardwaj

et al. 2022

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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This article is about the accommodation spasm. The primary rule for near vision is ciliary muscle constriction, synchronised convergence of both eyes, and pupil constriction. Any weaknesses in these components could result in an accommodative spasm. Variable retinoscopic reflex, unstable refractive error, and lead of accommodation in near retinoscopy are common causes of spasm. We conducted a thorough literature search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for published journals prior to June 2022, with no data limitations. This review contains twenty-eight case reports, six cohort studies, four book references, four review articles, and two comparative studies after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of studies looked at accommodative spasm, near reflex spasm, and pseudomyopia. The most common causes of accommodative spasm are excessive close work, emotional distress, head injury, and strabismus. Despite side effects or an insufficient regimen, cycloplegic drops are effective in diagnosing accommodation spasm. The modified optical fogging technique is also effective and may be an option for treating accommodative spasm symptoms. Bifocals for near work, manifest refraction, base-in prisms, and vision therapy are some of the other management options. As a result, it requires a comprehensive clinical treatment strategy. This review aims to investigate the various aetiology and treatments responsible for accommodative spasm and proposes widely implementing the modified optical fogging method and vision therapy in clinics as comprehensive management to reduce the future upward trend of accommodative spasm.

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A Retrospective Study on the Effect of Low Dose Atropine (0.01%) as Standalone and Combination Treatment in Management of Patients With Ciliary Muscle Spasm

Lau,

Azmi,

Ramasamy

2024

Preprint

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Purpose - The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of low dose atropine in reducing the symptoms of ciliary muscle spasm patients. This study obtained ethical approval letters and reviewed medical files at Thomson Hospital Kota Damansara. Methods - Subjects in the age range between 13 and 40 years old regardless gender and race, and who have been diagnosed with ciliary spasm and was prescribed with low dose atropine as management were enrolled in this study. Relevant data such as demographic background of the subjects, their refraction results and reported symptoms were collected to be analysed. Subjects who had ciliary muscle spasm with other ocular diseases, and who did not return for follow-up within 3 months were excluded from this study. Results- A total of 36 symptomatic ciliary muscle spasm subjects with their mean age of 27.19 ± 7.31 years were analysed. Majority of them (47.2%, n=17) were prescribed with Atropine 0.01%, 27.8% (n=10) were given combination of Atropine 0.01% with Phenylephrine 2.5% or 10% and Tropicamide 1%, 22.2% (n=8) were given Atropine 0.01% with anti-fatigue lenses, and 2.8% (n=1) were given Atropine 0.01% with combination of Phenylephrine and Tropicamide, and anti-fatigue lenses as the treatment options for the patients. Among 22 patients, almost 47.2% (n=17) reported symptoms completely resolved, while 13.9% (n=5) had their symptoms not completely resolved. Further analysis using Pearson’s chi-square test showed no significant difference in term of success rate between the 4 treatment options. Conclusion - This study showed that prescription Atropine 0.01%, either as a standalone treatment or with other combination treatment did alleviate the symptoms of ciliary muscle spasm.

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Unilateral accommodation spasm: Case report and literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Pseudomyopia: A Review

Pseudomyopia: A Review

Accommodative spasm and its different treatment approaches: A systematic review

A Retrospective Study on the Effect of Low Dose Atropine (0.01%) as Standalone and Combination Treatment in Management of Patients With Ciliary Muscle Spasm

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