Unifying ‘the’ Precautionary Principle? Justification and Reflective Equilibrium

Rechnitzer, Tanja

doi:10.1007/s11406-022-00582-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The precautionary principle is a conservative decision rule used to reduce the risk of disease when the risk is not completely known but has the potential for critical damage [ 70 ]. While some debate exists due to the principle’s vague definition [ 71 ], in many instances, it seems relevant to take preventative action to prevent harm, even if the likelihood of harm is uncertain [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Investigation of Organic Chemicals Detected in Baby Teeth: Differences in Children with and without Autism

Palmer

2024

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in language, communication, and social function with an estimated prevalence rate of between 1 in 30 and 44 U.S. births. Gene/environment (G × E) interactions are widely regarded as the most probable explanation for idiopathic ASD, especially because some genes are selectively targeted by various environmental xenobiotics. Because deciduous teeth are a likely biomarker of in utero exposure, the present study investigated if the quantity of chemicals found in deciduous teeth differs between children with and without ASD. Twenty-two deciduous teeth from children with ASD and 20 teeth from typically developed children were prepared and analyzed using THE Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (GC × GC-TOF MS) with ChromaTOF version 23H2 software and Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph. The autism sample had significantly more chemicals in their teeth than the typical developing sample (99.4 vs. 80.7, respectively) (p < 0.0001). The majority of chemicals were identified as phthalates, plasticizers, pesticides, preservatives, or intermediary solvents used in the production of fragranced personal care or cleaning products or flavoring agents in foods. The known toxic analytes reported in this study are likely biomarkers of developmental exposure. Why there were greater concentrations of toxic chemicals in the teeth that came from children with ASD is unclear. A further understanding of the cavalcade of multiple biological system interactions (Interactome) could help with future efforts to reduce risks. Notwithstanding, the avoidance of pesticides, plastics, and scented personal care products may be warranted under the precautionary principle rule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Investigation of Organic Chemicals Detected in Baby Teeth: Differences in Children with and without Autism

Palmer

2024

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“…En otras palabras, situaciones en las que el alto nivel de complejidad e incertidumbre (falta de conocimiento disponible y dificultad de generar nuevo conocimiento, existencia de datos contradictorios, dudas respecto de las relaciones causa-efecto, etc.) podría impedir la toma de decisiones reguladoras, a pesar de la posibilidad de que se produzcan importantes impactos ambientales o sobre la salud, sistémicos e irreversibles (Rechnitzer, 2022). El problema fundamental es que estamos ante la necesidad de tener que regular el proceso o producto en cuestión, aunque no tengamos a mano datos científicos concluyentes, ni parece probable que estos datos se puedan generar próximamente (Tickner, 2003).…”

Section: El Principio De Precauciónunclassified

¿Es factible una ciencia precaucionaria? Un análisis de la influencia de la precaución en la generación de conocimiento regulador

Todt

2024

Rev. iberoam. cienc. tecnol. soc.

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Tradicionalmente se ha hablado en la regulación de la ciencia y la tecnología del “principio de precaución”, que se opone a una regulación basada únicamente en una evaluación de riesgos. En este artículo se argumenta que, actualmente, debido al estado de desarrollo que ha alcanzado la regulación de productos y procesos científico-tecnológicos, podría tener sentido diferenciar, por un lado, el principio de precaución y, por otro, una ciencia precaucionaria. Esta última se caracterizaría por procesos reguladores cuyo objetivo es gestionar la incertidumbre mediante, por ejemplo, la inversión de la carga de la prueba o la vigilancia poscomercialización. El primero, en cambio, estaría enfocado en una minimización de la incertidumbre mediante la renuncia a generar información sobre determinados procesos y productos científico-tecnológicos considerados potencialmente dañinos, procediendo directamente a su sustitución por otros que se consideran más benignos. Mientras que el principio de precaución persigue reorientar el desarrollo tecnológico, la ciencia precaucionaria busca generar conocimiento sobre posibles consecuencias de los productos y gestionar la aplicación de tales productos de forma controlada.

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“…For instance, within Environmental Health, the relationship between natural and man-made factors and their subsequent impact on health is evident. The Precautionary Principle (Rechnitzer, 2022), which suggests taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty, is closely tied to the Health Impact Assessment, a tool used to evaluate the potential health effects of a project or policy. Similarly, within the Social Determinants of Health, economic conditions directly influence educational opportunities.…”

Section: Intra-linkagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual analysis of the public health-architecture nexus within rapidly developing informal urban contexts

Patrick,

Hugo,

Sonnendecker

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Background: The interactions between people and places can have a significant impact on the wellbeing of individuals, particularly in warm, arid countries such as South Africa. Coupled to this are the various risks that climate change poses to the development of communities, particularly in informal settlements. Several of these risks include the increasing prevalence of contaminants in water and land, as well as the challenges of managing the effects of climate change.Objectives: This conceptual analysis aims to highlight the need for a transdisciplinary approach to investigating the interaction between informal urban living spaces, environmental and social determinants of health and further propose a framework that incorporates tools and strategies to improve health and wellbeing.Discussion: Despite the various advantages of living in an urban environment, many people in informal settlements still lack access to adequate sanitation and water services. This is why it is important that we develop a comprehensive understanding of how these changes can be accommodated in the future. This can be done through the collection of data from the people who live in these communities. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental and social determinants of health, coupled with innovative monitoring systems, would provide a more holistic approach to suggesting a practical strategy for promoting health and wellbeing in communities while working towards developing safe and sustainable health-promoting living spaces.Conclusion: Currently there is a paucity of information regarding access to water, sanitation and health services, coupled with environmental pollution and poor living conditions causing diseases affecting informal communities, furthermore practical and viable changes to address these concerns are similarly lacking. To ensure that healthier built environments are provided for children and adults, transdisciplinary approaches between researchers and collaboration with, communities within informal settlements and with policymakers to promote health advocacy is essential.

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Unifying ‘the’ Precautionary Principle? Justification and Reflective Equilibrium

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

An Exploratory Investigation of Organic Chemicals Detected in Baby Teeth: Differences in Children with and without Autism

An Exploratory Investigation of Organic Chemicals Detected in Baby Teeth: Differences in Children with and without Autism

¿Es factible una ciencia precaucionaria? Un análisis de la influencia de la precaución en la generación de conocimiento regulador

A conceptual analysis of the public health-architecture nexus within rapidly developing informal urban contexts

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