“…By using spectral properties of Metzler matrices and the comparison principles, Ngoc and Anh [
15], established some new explicit criteria for UAS and ES of nonlinear Volterra IDE such as
Raffoul and Rai [
16] used LKFs and discussed exponential stability (ES) of the IDE with finite delay:
Tunç and Tunç [
17,18] take into account the scalar IDE
and the nonlinear system of IDEs with the constant time retardation
…”