Uniform design for the optimization of Al2O3 nanofilms produced by electrophoretic deposition

Abstract

Surface modification by means of nanostructures is of interest to enhance boiling heat transfer in various applications including the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). With the goal of obtaining rough and dense aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) nanofilms, the optimal combination of process parameters for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) based on the uniform design (UD) method is explored in this paper. The detailed procedures for the EPD process and UD method are presented. Four main influencing conditions controlling the EPD process were identified as: nanofluid concentration, deposition time, applied voltage and suspension pH. A series of tests were carried out based on the UD experimental design. A regression model and statistical analysis were applied to the results. Sensitivity analyses of the effect of the four main parameters on the roughness and deposited mass of Al 2 O 3 films were also carried out.The results showed that Al 2 O 3 nanofilms were deposited compactly and uniformly on the substrate. Within the range of the experiments, the preferred combination of process -4 g/cm 2 , respectively. A verification experiment was carried out at these conditions and gave values of roughness and deposited mass within 8% error of the expected ones as determined from the UD approach. It is concluded that uniform design is useful for the optimization of electrophoretic deposition requiring only 7 tests compared to 49 using the orthogonal design method.

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of SES36 fluid on nanoporous surfaces obtained by electrophoretic deposition of Al2O3

“…In an earlier study, it was shown that controllable dense films of nanoparticles can be created with the help of the Uniform Design method which is used to optimize the parameters of the EPD process [26]. Finally, nanoporous surfaces coated by EPD with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% suspension concentrations boiling with pure SES36 are studied.…”

“…The key characteristics of the coated nanoporous surface, including thickness and morphology, depend on many parameters like suspension concentration, deposition time, applied voltage and suspension pH. The detailed procedure used was the same as that reported in a previous study in which EPD were optimized using the uniform design approach [26]. Three suspension concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) of Al 2 O 3 were used to explore the effect on HTC performance.…”

An efficiently sustainable dextran-based flocculant: Synthesis, characterization and flocculation

“…An integrative method of uniform design (UD) and RSM was used to optimize the flocculation process of coal-washing sewage (Song et al, 2016). The experimental range for independent variables was based on preliminary trials, with negligible error.…”

Application of Uniform Experimental Design in Optimizing Excitation Parameters for Magnetic Frequency Mixing Measurements

“…The UED is similarly a multi-factor experimental design method but based on the quasi-Monte Carlo method of number theory [24]. The principle of UED is to replace the complete combination of all possible experimental parameters by a small number of experimental trials uniformly distributed within the parameter space [25]. The parameter values for the trials are determined using number theoretic method; therefore, the chosen trials prove that the values approximate well the complete combination of experimental parameters.…”

“…The parameter values for the trials are determined using number theoretic method; therefore, the chosen trials prove that the values approximate well the complete combination of experimental parameters. Compared with conventional statistical experimental design methods, such as the Latin square design and the OED method, the UED method accommodates the largest possible number of levels for each excitation parameter among all experimental designs [24][25][26][27]. In practice, the UED method has wide applications in engineering [28,29].…”