“…In dynamical system theory, such a non-autonomous evolution system is often formulated as a process, i.e., a mapping U : R 2 × X → X satisfying U (τ, τ, x) = x and U (t, s, U (s, τ, x)) = U (t, τ, x) for all t s τ and x ∈ X, where R 2 := {(t, τ ) ∈ R 2 : t τ } and X a complete metric space, while the pullback attractor A of a process U is defined as a compact non-autonomous set in the form A = {A(t)} t∈R which is the minimal among those that are invariant and pullback attract non-empty bounded sets in X. The pullback attractor gives rich information of the asymptotic dynamics of the system from the past, and has close relationship to other kinds of attractors, such as uniform attractors, cocycle attractors, etc., see [2,5,3]. Its time-dependence is directly related to the non-autonomous characteristic of the system.…”