Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes: Global Map of Parameters

The fractal description of seismicity

“…That the 2‐D estimates of d q for subduction and collision zones are so similar has been a surprise for us. In this connection we note the work of Kossobokov & Nekrasova (2004) who mapped the index d 2 for the entire world. They used m ≥ 4–5, h ≤ 100 km events for this purpose, a standard moving zone G = 8°× 8° and the lowest scale L − = 0.5°.…”

“…It is generally accepted that earthquakes are clustered in space along hierarchical fault structures (Ouillon et al 1996). Dealing with relatively regular or disordered fault zones, one should expect decreased or increased values of d q , respectively (Harte 2001; Kossobokov & Nekrasova 2004). Southern California involves the linear structure of the San Andreas fault generating strike‐slip displacements.…”

“…Some practical applications of fractality to the seismic risk problems have been discussed in Kossobokov & Nekrasova (2004) and Necrasova & Kossobokov (2005). The authors suggest the following model of the seismicity measure where Δ L is an arbitrary seismogenic cell in region G , while the cutoff magnitude m and the scale L can be varied in wide ranges.…”

“…When some similarity of λ( dg ) is assumed, the support of the measure cannot be arbitrary. For this reason the regions G under consideration extend along main faults (compare with Kossobokov & Nekrasova (2004), where for the sake of ‘stability’ all rotations of G are used).…”

Fractal Seismicity and Seismic Risk

“…In this connection it is of interest to discuss the series of publications (Kossobokov and Nekrasova, 2004;Kossobokov, 2006, 2009;Nekrasova et al, 2011;Nekrasova et al, 2015;Kossobokov and Soloviev, 2018] to be referred to as [К+] in what follows. These publications stress the importance of taking "the fractal nature of earthquakes" into account.…”