Unified ORR mechanism criteria via charge–spin–coordination of Fe functional units

Abstract

The “charge–spin–coordination” relationship was introduced into Fe functional units (Fe-FUs) in multiple forms to comprehensively analyze their activity sources and degradation mechanisms during the ORR process.

Fe–Co heteronuclear atom pairs as catalytic sites for efficient oxygen electroreduction

“…15–21 However, it is difficult to break the scaling relationship between intermediates over a single active site. In addition, the demetallation of Fe–N–C catalysts caused by Fe–N bond cleavage during the ORR is the main reason for their low stability 22–26 and reducing the O 2 activation energy is expected to improve their stability. So introducing a more stable but less active metal into the active center and transforming it into a heteronuclear atom pair can cooperatively change the pathway of catalytic reactions and reduce reaction energy barriers, which improves the activity and stability of the catalyst.…”