Unified meson-baryon potential

Brau, Fabian; Semay, Claude; Silvestre‐Brac, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.66.055202

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[4,6,7] We extend these studies further by using photons with hν < Φ 0 . Ordinarily, single-photon photoemission does not occur under this condition.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Schottky-Enabled Photoemission in a rf Accelerator Photoinjector: Possible Generation of Ultralow Transverse Thermal-Emittance Electron Beam

2004

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We present a clear signature of the Schottky effect in a RF photoinjector using photons with energy lower than the Mg cathode work function. This signature is manifested by the shift in the RF phase angle for the onset of the detection of photoelectrons via single-photon absorption and allows for a reasonable estimate of the field enhancement factor. This is a viable method to generate an electron beam with very low thermal emittance and thus, a high brightness beam.Understanding the factors that influence the production and quality of electron beams in a photoinjector is vital in advancing the technology of free-electron lasers (FEL) and linear colliders. This is especially true in the ability to obtain electron beams with high-brightness, which is a combination of high charge and low emittance characteristics. The latter is often limited by the thermal emittance, ε th , of the photoelectrons, which reflects the distribution of the transverse electron velocities as they emerge from the cathode, and continues to be present in the beam even as the particles are accelerated in the axial direction. This limits how tightly a beam can be focused at the interaction point of a collider and degrades the growth rate of a FEL radiation. We report on the first direct observation of the Schottky-enabled photoemission from a photoinjector cathode due to a RF field using photons with energy lower than the cathode work function. The single-photon photoemission process is possible due to the lowering of the effective work function of a metal by the RF electric field (E-field) on the cathode (Schottky effect). This effect can be used to significantly lower ε th of an electron beam, opening up new possibilities in the quest for high brightness beams.The minimum transverse emittance is limited by ε th . For a polycrystalline photocathode, ε th ∝ σ E k /mc 2 and the uncorrelated kinetic energy is E k = hν − Φ 0 + b βE(θ), where hν is the photon energy, Φ 0 is the work function, b = e/4πǫ 0 , σ is the RMS laser spot size, and β is the local field enhancement factor that depends on the cathode surface properties. [1][2][3] Here, E(θ) is the applied field on the cathode at the injection phase θ. The presence of the E-field causes the lowering of the effective work function that is defined as Φ ef f = Φ 0 − b βE(θ). From the above expressions, one can see that ε th can be reduced by decreasing the beam size. However, this is limited by space-charge effects. Alternatively, ε th can be reduced by decreasing E k . This is seen clearly in Ref. [3] where the maximum angle of emission, φ max approaches zero as Φ ef f → hν. We will discuss a method of doing this using the Schottky effect.Previous indications of the Schottky effect in a photoinjector gun came from the dependence of the amount of charge detected with the RF phase on the cathode.[1,4,5] Studies of the quantum efficiency (QE) of cathodes also indicate that this parameter changes with applied E-field. [4,6,7] We extend these studies further by using photons with hν < Φ 0 . Ordinar...

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“…[4,6,7] We extend these studies further by using photons with hν < Φ 0 . Ordinarily, single-photon photoemission does not occur under this condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[1,4,5] Studies of the quantum efficiency (QE) of cathodes also indicate that this parameter changes with applied E-field. [4,6,7] We extend these studies further by using photons with hν < Φ 0 . Ordinarily, single-photon photoemission does not occur under this condition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Schottky-Enabled Photoemission in a rf Accelerator Photoinjector: Possible Generation of Ultralow Transverse Thermal-Emittance Electron Beam

2004

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“…Paralleling lattice studies (see e.g. [14]), some models have been proposed to describe the lowestlying states [15][16][17]. We will study a simple relativistic model to obtain an overall description of the glueball spectrum of two gluons.…”

Section: Glueballs Gluelumps and Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyakov loop spectroscopy in the confined phase of gluodynamics and QCD

Megías

Arriola

Salcedo

2015

Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings

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By using a simple relativistic model, we compute the glueball and gluelump spectra and relate these quantities, respectively, to the trace anomaly and Polyakov loop in the adjoint representation of gluodynamics. This spectroscopic description of thermodynamics is extended with the inclusion of quarks. The relation between the hadron resonance gas and the Polyakov loop in the fundamental and higher representations is addressed.

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“…These injectors must also provide very high brightness, very low emittance beams in order to match the admittance of DLA structures. Needle cathodes have been studied in the past to produce high brightness beams [11]. Recent efforts suggest that while field emission is capable of producing the necessary transverse phase spaces, laser-controlled emission (e.g.…”

Section: Particle Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric laser accelerators: Are they viable advanced accelerator concepts?

Travish¹

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Unified meson-baryon potential

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Schottky-Enabled Photoemission in a rf Accelerator Photoinjector: Possible Generation of Ultralow Transverse Thermal-Emittance Electron Beam

Schottky-Enabled Photoemission in a rf Accelerator Photoinjector: Possible Generation of Ultralow Transverse Thermal-Emittance Electron Beam

Polyakov loop spectroscopy in the confined phase of gluodynamics and QCD

Dielectric laser accelerators: Are they viable advanced accelerator concepts?

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