Unified description for the nuclear equation of state and fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions

Pan, Jicai; Gupta, S. Das

doi:10.1103/physrevc.51.1384

Cited by 81 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The freeze-out volume that fits the data best [89] is bigger than twice the normal nuclear volume. In that case as the temperature of the disintegrating system is raised from a low value to a high value (either by changing the beam energy or by gating on appropriate impact parameter) the system will cross the coexistence curve on the low density side of the critical point (to the left of C.P.…”

Section: Phase Transition In Lgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many systems that exhibit this sort of power law: mass distributions of asteroids in the solar system, debris from the crushing of basalt pellets [86] and the fragmentation of frozen potatoes [87]. In fact, the lattice gas model which has been used a great deal for calculations of phase transitions and multifragmentation in nuclei [88,89] gives a power law at the critical point, on the coexistence curve (that is a first order phase transition provided the freeze-out density is less than the critical density) and also along a line in the T − ρ plane away from the coexistence curve. Nonetheless, the occurrence of a power law is an experimental fact and it is therefore desirable that models which aim to describe multifragmentation produce a power law, phase transition or not.…”

Section: B Critical Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, we can formulate a rule that independent of other neighbours, two nearest neighbours form part of the same cluster if the relative kinetic energy of the two is insufficient to overcome their attraction. It is obvious that this recipe, introduced in [88,89], reduces the many body problem of recognising a cluster of many nucleons into a sum of independent two body problems. For brevity we refer to this as PD recipe.…”

Section: The Lattice Gas Model (Lgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [88,89] LGM was introduced so that one has an EOS as in Hartree-Fock theory but also has the capability of predicting clusters as in the percolation model. The EOS of LGM in mean-field theory in a grand canonical ensemble is done in textbooks [13].…”

Section: The Lattice Gas Model (Lgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Gupta

Mekjian

Tsang

2001

Advances in the Physics of Particles and Nuclei

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The equation of state of nuclear matter suggests that at suitable beam energies the disassembling hot system formed in heavy ion collisions will pass through a liquid-gas coexistence region. Searching for the signatures of the phase transition has been a very important focal point of experimental endeavours in heavy-ion collisions, in the last fifteen years. Simultaneously theoretical models have been developed to provide information about the equation of state and reaction mechanisms consistent with the experimental observables.

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Section: Phase Transition In Lgmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Critical Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Lattice Gas Model (Lgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Lattice Gas Model (Lgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Gupta

Mekjian

Tsang

2001

Advances in the Physics of Particles and Nuclei

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“…The literature on calculations for fragment yields in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions is huge. We will not attempt to mention all approaches.In this paper we will focus on the liquid-gas phase transition using a lattice gas model [3]. Previously we have used the model to fit data on central collisions [3], on peripheral collisions [4], and for central Au on Au collisions [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

First-Order Phase Transition in Intermediate-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

1998

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We model the disassembly of an excited nuclear system formed as a result of a heavy ion collision. We find that, as the beam energy in central collisions in varied, the dissociating system crosses a liquidgas coexistence curve, resulting in a first-order phase transition. Accessible experimental signatures are identified: a peak in the specific heat, a power-law yield for composites, and a maximum in the second moment of the yield distribution. [S0031-9007(97) PACS numbers: 25.70. Pq, 21.65. + f, 24.10.Pa, 64.60.My Nuclear matter is a fictitious arbitrarily large N Z system in which the Coulomb interaction is switched off. Mean-field theory for nuclear matter has been applied many times, and it is well known that such a system shows a van-der-Waals-type liquid-gas phase transition. It was suggested in the early 1980s [1,2] that in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies one might be able to probe this liquid-gas phase transition region. In heavy ion collisions, matter would be heated as well as compressed. This compressed blob would then expand passing through the liquid-gas coexistence phase. One might be able to extract information about this region from selected experimental data. Earlier, the Purdue group had conjectured that the breakup of large nuclei by energetic protons would show signatures of critical phenomena [2].There are several complications which make the study of phase transitions in nuclei difficult. The systems are small, thus singularities get replaced by broad peaks. The collision is over quickly. The existence of thermal equilibrium has sometimes been questioned and replaced by quite complicated transport equation approaches. Often one has been content to do calculations where the objective is to fit the experimental data. Once this is achieved the question of a possible liquid-gas phase transition is not addressed. There are models where such questions are irrelevant, or at least very indirect, such as various models based on sequential decays. The literature on calculations for fragment yields in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions is huge. We will not attempt to mention all approaches.In this paper we will focus on the liquid-gas phase transition using a lattice gas model [3]. Previously we have used the model to fit data on central collisions [3], on peripheral collisions [4], and for central Au on Au collisions [5]. The model gives a fair description of data in those instances-does it say anything definite about the experimental signature of liquid-gas phase transitions?In the lattice gas model we place n nucleons in N cubes, where n is the number of nucleons in the disassembling system, and N͞n r 0 ͞r f , where r 0 is the normal nuclear density, and the disassembly is to be calculated at r f , the "freeze-out" density beyond which nucleons are too far apart to interact. An attractive nearestneighbor interaction is assumed. We place the n nucleons in N cubes by Monte Carlo sampling using the Metropolis algorithm. Once the nucleons have been placed we also ascribe to each...

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Heavy‐ion Reactions: Selected Topics

2017

Physics of Atomic Nuclei

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Unified description for the nuclear equation of state and fragmentation in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract: We propose a model that provides a unified description of nuclear equation

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in Nuclear Multifragmentation

First-Order Phase Transition in Intermediate-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

Heavy‐ion Reactions: Selected Topics

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