Unification of optimal targeting methods in transcranial electrical stimulation

Fernandez-Corazza, Mariano; Turovets, Sergei; Muravchik, Carlos H.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116403

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In these two individual head models there was a consistent scalp patch for 10 electrodes over the frontal midline. In addition to the common 10 midline frontal electrodes, both had a large distance between the source/sink pairs which demonstrates the requirement for delivering current to deep cortical sources [15] , [16] , such as the ACC. Therefore, we set ten stimulation electrodes over the frontal midline and the other ten stimulation electrodes over bilateral occipital cortex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain

et al. 2020

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In a mouse study we found increased myelination of pathways surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following stimulation near the theta rhythm (4–8 Hz), and evidence that this change in connectivity reduced behavioral anxiety. We cannot use the optogenetic methods with humans that were used in our mouse studies. This paper examines whether it is possible to enhance intrinsic theta amplitudes in humans using less invasive methods. The first experiment compares electrical, auditory and biofeedback as methods for increasing intrinsic theta rhythm amplitudes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). These methods are used alone or in conjunction with a task designed to activate the same area. The results favor using electrical stimulation in conjunction with a task targeting this region. Stimulating the ACC increases intrinsic theta more in this area than in a control area distant from the site of stimulation, suggesting some degree of localization of the stimulation. In Experiment 2, we employed electrical stimulation with the electrodes common to each person, or with electrodes selected from an individual head model. We targeted the ACC or Motor Cortex (PMC). At baseline, intrinsic theta is higher in the ACC than the PMC. In both areas, theta can be increased in amplitude by electrical stimulation plus task. In the PMC, theta levels during stimulation plus task are not significantly higher than during task alone. There is no significant difference between generic and individual electrodes. We discuss steps needed to determine whether we can use the electrical stimulation + task to improve the connectivity of white matter in different brain areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain

et al. 2020

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“…In that case we are left with criterion (2) subject to the power constraint (4). Fernandez-Corazza et al (2019) show that this is equivalent to the least-squares criterion, which was introduced by Dmochowski et al (2011) to achieve focal stimulation. The equivalence is only approximate, but becomes accurate if the target region is chosen to be small.…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When adjusting the power constraint P max at non-target area, we first calculate a default value of P max as e T A(A T Γ 2 A) −1 A T e, which is the value that makes the criterion equivalent to leastsquares criterion for maximum-focality (Fernandez-Corazza et al, 2019). We then vary this value across 12 different orders of magnitude, i.e., from P max × 10 −3 to P max × 10 8 .…”

Section: Implementation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We show mathematically, and confirm numerically, that maximal modulation of interfering waveforms can be simply obtained by maximizing intensity of conventional HD-TES. We also provide a mathematical proof that the solution of max-intensity stimulation can be obtained directly from the forward model for TES, as first proposed by Fernandez-Corazza et al (2019). Motivated by Guler et al (2016) and Fernandez-Corazza et al (2019), we convert the computationally intractable max-focality optimization for IFS into a max-intensity problem with constraint on the energy in the nontarget area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We also provide a mathematical proof that the solution of max-intensity stimulation can be obtained directly from the forward model for TES, as first proposed by Fernandez-Corazza et al (2019). Motivated by Guler et al (2016) and Fernandez-Corazza et al (2019), we convert the computationally intractable max-focality optimization for IFS into a max-intensity problem with constraint on the energy in the nontarget area. This non-convex optimization is treated as a goal attainment problem (Gembicki and Haimes, 1975) and then solved by sequential quadratic programming (Brayton et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Optimization of interferential stimulation of the human brain with electrode arrays

Huang

Datta

Parra

2019

Preprint

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Interferential stimulation (IFS) has generated considerable interest recently because of its potential to achieve focal electrical stimulation in deep brain areas despite applying currents transcranially. Conventionally, IFS applies sinusoidal currents through two electrode pairs with close-by frequencies.Here we propose to use two arrays of scalp electrodes with current intensity through each electrode optimized to target a desired location in the brain. We formulate rigorous optimization criteria for IFS to achieve either maximal modulation depth or most focal stimulation. For max-modulation optimization we show analytically that the solution is the same for IFS as for conventional multi-electrode stimulation. We proof that the solution can be found directly from the forward model without the need for algorithmic optimization. For the max-focality criterion the solution requires numerical optimization. Once optimized, we find that IFS can achieve more focal modulation of stimulation intensity than conventional stimulation with a single frequency, both at the cortical surface and deep in the brain.

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The ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays an important role in implicit emotion regulation: A focality‐optimized multichannel tDCS study in anxiety individuals

Gao,

Wong,

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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The regulation of emotions is a crucial facet of well‐being and social adaptability, with explicit strategies receiving primary attention in prior research. Recent studies, however, emphasize the role of implicit emotion regulation, particularly implicating the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) in association with its implementation. This study delves into the nuanced role of the VMPFC through focality‐optimized multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), shedding light on its causal involvement in implicit reappraisal. The primary goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of VMFPC‐targeted tDCS and elucidate its role in individuals with high trait anxiety. Participants engaged in implicit and explicit emotion regulation tasks during multichannel tDCS targeting the VMPFC. The outcome measures encompassed negative emotion ratings, pupillary diameter, and saccade count, providing a comprehensive evaluation of emotion regulation efficiency. The intervention exhibited a notable impact, resulting in significant reductions in negative emotion ratings and pupillary reactions during implicit reappraisal, highlighting the indispensable role of the VMPFC in modulating emotional responses. Notably, these effects demonstrated sustained efficacy up to 1 day postintervention. This study underscores the potency of VMPFC‐targeted multichannel tDCS in augmenting implicit emotion regulation. This not only contributes insights into the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation but also suggests innovative therapeutic avenues for anxiety disorders. The findings present a promising trajectory for future mood disorder interventions, bridging the gap between implicit emotion regulation and neural stimulation techniques.

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Unification of optimal targeting methods in transcranial electrical stimulation

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain

Increasing the amplitude of intrinsic theta in the human brain

Optimization of interferential stimulation of the human brain with electrode arrays

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays an important role in implicit emotion regulation: A focality‐optimized multichannel tDCS study in anxiety individuals

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