Uniconazole application strategies to improve lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance and production of maize in semiarid regions

Ahmad, Irshad; Kamran, Muhammad; Ali, Shahzad; Bilegjargal, Bayasgalan; Cai, Tommaso; Ahmad, Shakeel; Meng, Xiangping; Su, Wennan; Liu, Tiening; Han, Qingfang

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.015

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Previous studies of the lodging resistance of maize have focused on the plant morphology and stalk strength under different genotypes and cultivation measures. For instance, some researchers have investigated lodging resistance by measuring the plant height, ear height, center-of-gravity height, stalk diameter, and internode length of the basal stalk with a ruler [ 13 , 40 ] and by measuring the RPS, crushing strength, and bending strength with a stalk strength tester [ 11 , 41 , 42 ]. These indicators and methods can reflect the difference in maize lodging resistance for different genotypes and cultivation measures, however, they have certain limitations and one-sidedness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

2020

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Background The accurate evaluation of the stalk-lodging resistance during the late stage of maize growth can provide a basis for the selection of cultivars, the evaluation of cultivation techniques, and timely mechanical grain harvesting. In this study, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking, plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, and lodging rate were investigated in 10 maize cultivars to identify the parameters evaluate lodging resistance during the later growth stage of maize. Clarify the relationship with the stalk mechanical strength, critical wind speed of stalk breaking, and natural lodging rate in the field. Results The results showed that, in the late growth stage, with increasing number of days after physiological maturity, (1) the stalk lodging rate gradually increased, (2) the stalk breaking force and rind penetration strength (RPS) of the third internode above the soil gradually decreased, and (3) the critical wind speed of stalk breaking increased first and then decreased, and was highest at about 16–24 days after physiological maturity. The position of stalk lodging mostly occurred between second and fifth internodes. The torque at the base of maize plant increased as wind speed increased, and the different of torque was excited among different maize cultivars under same wind speed. Furthermore, the stalk lodging rate was significantly negatively correlated with the critical wind speed of stalk breaking. Additionally, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking was significantly positively correlated with the stalk breaking force and the RPS. Conclusion This indicates that the critical wind speed of stalk breaking is a superior way to determine the stalk lodging resistance. These results suggest that, in the late growth stage, the decrease in the stalk mechanical strength is an important reason for the decrease in the critical wind speed of stalk breaking and the increase in the lodging rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

2020

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“…Uniconizole and PAC have similar modes of action in the gibberellic acid pathway, though uniconazole also affects zeatin pathways (Best et al, 2017), suggesting that zeatin might suppress the UPR effect of PAC or that the uniconazole effect on gibberellic acid pathways is qualitatively different than the PAC effect. Uniconizole effects in maize do depend on the applied dose 21 , and our concentration was higher than the optimal amount determined by , so we might expect to see a negative effect of uniconizole treatment in our experiment. The uniconazole treatment exhibited high variance ( Figure 3, Supplemental Results File6), which suggests that the regulatory circuitry for the UPR has multiple, possibly competing, inputs from uniconizole 27 .…”

Section: /13mentioning

confidence: 69%

Plant growth regulators interact with elevated temperature to alter heat stress signaling via the Unfolded Protein Response in maize

Neill

Byrd

Billman

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Plants are increasingly exposed to high temperatures, which can cause accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This condition, known as ER stress, evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cytoprotective signaling pathway. One important branch of the UPR is regulated by splicing of bZIP60 mRNA by the IRE1 stress sensor. There is increasing evidence that commercial plant growth regulators may protect against abiotic stressors including heat stress and drought, but there is very little mechanistic information about these effects or about the regulatory pathways involved. We evaluated evidence in the B73 Zea mays inbred for differences in the activity of the UPR between permissive and elevated temperature in conjunction with plant growth regulator application. Treatment with elevated temperature and plant growth regulators increased UPR activation, as assessed by an increase in splicing of the mRNA of the IRE1 target bZIP60 following paclobutrazol treatment. We propose that plant growth regulator treatment induces bZIP60 mRNA splicing which 'primes' plants for rapid adaptive response to subsequent endoplasmic reticulum-stress inducing conditions.

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“…Previous studies of the lodging resistance of maize have focused on the plant morphology and stalk strength under different genotypes and cultivation measures. For instance, some researchers have investigated lodging resistance by measuring the plant height, ear height, centerof-gravity height, stalk diameter, and internode length of the basal stalk with a ruler [11,29] and by measuring the RPS, crushing strength, and bending strength with a stalk strength tester [30][31][32]. These indicators and methods can re ect the difference in maize lodging resistance for different genotypes and cultivation measures, however, they have certain limitations and one-sidedness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

Xue

Ming

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The accurate evaluation of the stalk-lodging resistance during the late stage of maize growth can provide a basis for the selection of cultivars, the evaluation of cultivation techniques, and timely mechanical grain harvesting. In this study, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking, plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, and lodging rate were investigated in 10 maize cultivars to identify the parameters as evaluate lodging resistance during the later growth stage of maize, and clarify the relationship with the stalk mechanical strength, critical wind speed of stalk breaking, and natural lodging rate in the field. Results The results showed that, in the late growth stage, with increasing number of days after physiological maturity, (1) the stalk lodging rate gradually increased, (2) the stalk breaking force and rind penetration strength (RPS) of the third internode above the soil gradually decreased, and (3) the critical wind speed of stalk breaking increased first and then decreased, and was highest at about 16–24 days after physiological maturity. Furthermore, the stalk lodging rate was significantly negatively correlated with the critical wind speed of stalk breaking, however was not correlated with plant height, ear height, stalk breaking force, or the RPS. Additionally, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking was significantly positively correlated with the stalk breaking force and the RPS. Conclusion This indicates that the critical wind speed of stalk breaking is a superior way to determine the stalk lodging resistance compared to traditional indicators. These results suggest that, in the late growth stage, the decrease in the stalk mechanical strength is an important reason for the decrease in the critical wind speed of stalk breaking and the increase in the lodging rate.

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Uniconazole application strategies to improve lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance and production of maize in semiarid regions

Cited by 68 publications

References 55 publications

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

Plant growth regulators interact with elevated temperature to alter heat stress signaling via the Unfolded Protein Response in maize

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

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