Uniaxial step loading test setup for determination of creep curves of oxidation-sensitive high strength materials in vacuum under tensile and compressive load

Compression strength of tungsten carbide–cobalt hard metals

“…On the other hand, the compression strength values generated in this effort are similar to the ones reported by Klünsner et al., 28 which were generated using an “hourglass” specimen that was significantly larger than the dumbbell specimen employed in the present effort. Their hourglass was 250 mm long with a maximum diameter of 20 mm and a 6 mm diameter gage section that was about 10 mm long 29 . Their study included 10 WC materials containing between 6% and 12% Co with a fine (.8‒1.3 μm), submicron (.5‒.8 μm), or ultrafine (.2‒.5 μm) grain size.…”

“…Their hourglass was 250 mm long with a maximum diameter of 20 mm and a 6 mm diameter gage section that was about 10 mm long. 29 Their study included 10 WC materials containing between 6% and 12% Co with a fine (.8-1.3 μm), submicron (.5-.8 μm), or ultrafine (.2-.5 μm) grain size. All of the materials evaluated were manufactured by Ceratizit Austria.…”

“…They proposed that deformation begins in individual WC grains via a glide mechanism. Meanwhile, the Co binder starts to transform with the stacking faults in the fcc structure serving as habit planes for the formation of 24 Uniaxial compression strength data for WC-Co cemented carbides has been generated using cylindrical 22,25,26 or cuboidal 20,23 specimens, but recently Klünsner and coworkers [27][28][29][30][31] have reported tensile and compressive strength values at room and elevated temperatures determined using an "hourglass-shaped" specimen. As a result of the successes using the dumbbell-shaped specimen on advanced ceramics, [7][8][9]13,[15][16][17][18][19] the quasi-static and high-rate compression strength of eight different WC hard metals, containing varying amounts of Co and having different grain sizes, was determined.…”

“…Others have shown that plastic deformation rarely takes place in the binder phase when the WC particles are nano‐grained (<100 nm) 24 . Uniaxial compression strength data for WC‒Co cemented carbides has been generated using cylindrical 22,25,26 or cuboidal 20,23 specimens, but recently Klünsner and coworkers 27‐31 have reported tensile and compressive strength values at room and elevated temperatures determined using an “hourglass‐shaped” specimen.…”