Uni- and bi-directional pedestrian flow in the view-limited condition: Experiments and modeling

Engineering egress data considering pedestrians with reduced mobility

“…A considerable amount of research has been attempted to develop the flow‐density or velocity‐density relationships. This research has focussed mainly on different building types and variations in geometries such as bottlenecks, stairs, and corridors as well as the influence of different flow types (unidirectional and bidirectional [eg, previous studies], merging [eg, Zhang et al], transition [eg, Zhang et al], and crossing [eg, Zhang et al]).…”

“…Figure compares the flow‐density and velocity‐density relationship of unidirectional movement determined in studies involving people with disabilities to the fundamental diagram. Note that the focus and methods differ amongst the publications: eg, Guo et al used a towel fastened in front of the face to simulate a vision loss of participants, whilst Shields et al compared the relationship of velocity and flow on a stairway in front and behind a wheelchair user in an unannounced evacuation. The disabilities represented in currently available flow‐density and velocity‐density relationships can be classified as “blind/visually impaired,” “age‐related impact,” and “usage of assistive devices.”…”

“…Guo et al analysed the impact of reduced visibility conditions on unidirectional and bidirectional flow. They reported a reduced flow for both settings.…”

“…Velocity-density (top) and flow-density relationship (bottom) of pedestrian movement through a bottleneck considering pedestrians with disabilities compared with the frequently referenced fundamental diagrams by previous studies[10][11][12]113 (with f = 0.113 m 2 ). Empirical data are collected from publications by previous studies 32,78,83,98,[105][106][107][108]110. Data picked up with Web plot digitaliser by the authors from publication.…”

Single-file pedestrian flow experiments under high-density conditions

“…The experiment shows that the traffic segregation exhibits structural instabilities characterized by the alternation of organized and disorganized states. Guo et al (2016) performed an experiment in China to study the effect of limited view. The width of experiment track is 3m and the internal diameter is 4m.…”