Unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverage advertising on children’s, youth and family free-to-air and digital television programmes in Thailand

Jaichuen, Nongnuch; Vandevijvere, Stefanie; Kelly, Bridget; Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan; Phulkerd, Sirinya; Tangcharoensathien, Viroj

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5675-3

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In addition, in our study, most of the analyzed food products in all commercials and those targeted to children were classified as non-core (80.7% and 94.3%, respectively) due to their poor nutritional quality. The results of the current study about the high rate of children exposure to non-core food advertisements are in line with other published findings highlighting that TV food advertisements usually focus on unhealthy products [35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Are the Italian Children Exposed to Advertisements of Nutritionally Appropriate Foods?

Nucci

Rabica

Dallagiacoma

et al. 2020

Foods

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Unhealthy eating habits are one of the main risk factors for overweight/obesity, and food marketing plays a major role in their development. The aim of this study was to monitor the amount and the characteristics of food marketing directed to Italian children broadcasted on television (TV). The WHO tool to assess food and beverage multimedia marketing aimed at children was used to analyze TV recordings. Type of product branded, viewing time, channel’s target, and broadcasting company were the exposure variables analyzed. The power of persuasive techniques was also assessed. Food products were categorized as either core or non-core products on the basis of their nutritional profile. A total of 320 h of TV broadcasting was analyzed, including 51.7 h of commercials. Food and beverages were the second most frequently advertised products, with an average of 6 food advertisements per hour during peak viewing time. A total of 23.8% of food advertisements were recorded during the time slot of 3:00 p.m. Considering food and beverage commercials, “humor” was the most frequently used primary persuasive technique, while the “image of the product/packaging” was the most commonly used secondary persuasive technique. Products specifically targeted to children were 94.3% non-core. Our findings indicate that core foods are highly underrepresented in TV commercials, especially during children TV programs and peak viewing time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Are the Italian Children Exposed to Advertisements of Nutritionally Appropriate Foods?

Nucci

Rabica

Dallagiacoma

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…Besides, there is robust scientific literature demonstrating the role of TV food advertising in shaping food preferences and purchase behaviors among different age groups, particularly children and youth [14,43,44]. The predominance of unhealthy food advertising on Brazilian TV has been previously reported by studies conducted in the country over the last 10 years [45,46], and aligns with research developed according to the INFORMAS protocol in other middle-and high-income countries [47][48][49]. However, the present study brings an improved understanding of the nutritional quality of food products advertised on Brazilian TV by applying, for the first time, international NP models.…”

Section: Major Findingssupporting

confidence: 70%

Nutritional quality of foods and non-alcoholic beverages advertised on Brazilian free-to-air television: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Evidence shows that foods marketed on television are often low-nutrient-dense foods associated with poor nutritional diet quality, obesity and non-communicable diseases. However, little research has been undertaken in Brazil around this issue. This study assessed the nutritional profile of foods and non-alcoholic beverages advertised on Brazilian television by applying the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO/Europe) nutrient profiling models. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) protocol. A total of 432 h on the three major Brazilian free-to-air TV channels was recorded from April 1st to 30th 2018. Recordings were done for eight nonconsecutive and randomly selected days from 6 am to 12 am (midnight). All food-related ads were coded using a systematic approach and classified according to the PAHO and the WHO/Europe nutrient profile models as "eligible"/"not eligible" for marketing restrictions. Absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe absolute numbers and proportions of food and beverage advertisements. The nutritional profile of foods was compared by day, time of the day and types of TV program. For each advertisement, the parent company of promoted food products, supermarkets and restaurants was identified. Results: A total of 1610 food and beverage ads were broadcast, representing 18.1% of the total ads shown on selected channels. Over 80.0% of all foods and beverages advertised on Brazilian TV channels did not meet the PAHO and the WHO/Europe nutritional quality standards and were considered eligible for marketing restrictions. The proportion of unhealthy food ads was significantly higher on weekends, in the afternoon, and during soap operas programming. Altogether, 10 transnational and local food and beverage companies, two large international fast food chains and two of Brazil's largest supermarket retailers accounted for almost 90% of all unhealthy food ads shown.

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“…In Turkey, for instance, the number of ads for fast foods and beverages was found to be significantly higher than that for healthy food products [ 27 ]. In Thailand, the average ad rate of unhealthy food was also shown to be 2.9 ads/ch-h compared with the 0.2 and 0.9 ads/c-h for healthy and neutral categories, respectively [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Children to Unhealthy Food and Beverage Advertisements in South Africa

Yamoah

Man

Onagbiye

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Television (TV) is a powerful medium for marketing food and beverages. Food and beverage marketers tend to use this medium to target children with the hope that children will in turn influence their families’ food choices. No study has assessed the compliance of TV marketers with the South African Marketing to Children pledge since the enactment of the 2014 food advertising recommendations by the South African Department of Health and the Advertising Standards Authority. This study investigated the extent and nature of advertising of unhealthy versus healthy food and beverages to children in South African TV broadcasting channels. The date, time, type, frequency and target audience of food advertisements (ads) on four free-to-air South African TV channels were recorded and captured using a structured assessment guide. The presence of persuasive marketing techniques was also assessed. Unhealthy food and beverage advertising was recorded at a significantly higher rate compared with healthy food and beverages during the time frame when children were likely to be watching TV. Brand benefit claims, health claims and power strategies (e.g., advertising using cartoon characters and celebrated individuals) were used as persuasive strategies. These persuasive strategies were used more in unhealthy versus healthy food ads. The findings are in breach of the South African Marketing to Children pledge and suggest a failure of the industry self-regulation system. We recommend the introduction of monitored and enforced statutory regulations to ensure healthy TV food advertising space.

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Unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverage advertising on children’s, youth and family free-to-air and digital television programmes in Thailand

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Are the Italian Children Exposed to Advertisements of Nutritionally Appropriate Foods?

Are the Italian Children Exposed to Advertisements of Nutritionally Appropriate Foods?

Nutritional quality of foods and non-alcoholic beverages advertised on Brazilian free-to-air television: a cross-sectional study

Exposure of Children to Unhealthy Food and Beverage Advertisements in South Africa

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