Unfavorable effect of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on maternal and fetal essential fatty acid status: a potential marker of fetal insulin resistance

Min, Yoeju; Lowy, C.; Ghebremeskel, Kebreab; Thomas, Beverley; Offley-Shore, B.; Crawford, Michael

doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1162

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The authors speculated that the effect of T1DM and pregnancy-induced metabolic changes together with the Western diet might have resulted in decreased AA and DHA levels in pregnant women with T1DM. In another study, cord blood samples of newborns of mothers with T1DM contained significantly lower ALA, DPA and DHA in the plasma TG fraction and significantly lower AA and DHA in the plasma CPG fraction (Min et al, 2005a). However, only DHA values were decreased in the erythrocyte PE fraction in the cord blood of the T1DM group.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Supply During Pregnancy In Women With Type 1 Diabmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Table 4. Change in essential fatty acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid values compared to controls in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and newborns from mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus Plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition was studied in women with and without T1DM at midgestation (Min et al, 2005a). In the maternal plasma only choline phosphoglyceride (CPG) DHA was found to be decreased in diabetic patients, while in the erythrocyte membrane lipids more pronounced differences were found.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Supply During Pregnancy In Women With Type 1 Diabmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Szabó¹,

Marosvölgyi²,

Décsi³

2011

Type 1 Diabetes - Complications, Pathogenesis, and Alternative Treatments

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Section: Fatty Acid Supply During Pregnancy In Women With Type 1 Diabmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Fatty Acid Supply During Pregnancy In Women With Type 1 Diabmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Szabó¹,

Marosvölgyi²,

Décsi³

2011

Type 1 Diabetes - Complications, Pathogenesis, and Alternative Treatments

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“…Diabetic pregnancies are characterised by increased and fluctuating glycaemia, placental transfer of insulin, altered lipid metabolism and a range of other metabolic aberrations [10][11][12][13]. Despite improvements in recent decades, diabetic pregnancies are still complicated by considerably higher rates of severe perinatal complications [14][15][16][17] and are associated with increased rates of stillbirth and perinatal mortality, increased prevalence of congenital malformation, an increased rate of Caesarean section, increased numbers of preterm deliveries, and increased birthweights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal type 1 diabetes reduces the risk of islet autoantibodies: relationships with birthweight and maternal HbA1c

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis The risk of type 1 diabetes is reduced in the children of mothers with type 1 diabetes compared with children of fathers with type 1 diabetes. We asked whether children of mothers with type 1 diabetes also have a decreased risk of developing islet autoantibodies, and which factors associated with maternal diabetes contribute to a reduced islet autoantibody risk in offspring. Methods Singleton offspring of a mother (n=1,008) or father with type 1 diabetes (n=578) from the BABYDIAB study were included. Children were followed from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies defined as two or more autoantibodies to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase or insulinoma antigen 2 in two or more blood samples. Results Islet autoantibody risk was lower in children of mothers with type 1 diabetes (5 year risk, 3.2% vs 5.7% in children of fathers with type 1 diabetes; p=0.04). Among factors that differed between pregnancies from mothers with and without type 1 diabetes, birthweight was associated with islet autoantibody risk. Risk was reduced in children with birthweights in the lower (adjusted HR 0.33; 95% CI 0.14-0.75; p=0.009) and upper (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21-0.97; p=0.04) tertiles compared with the middle tertile. A sub-analysis of maternal HbA 1c suggested that moderately elevated third trimester maternal HbA 1c was also associated with a reduced islet autoantibody risk in children of mothers with type 1 diabetes (5.7-7%; HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15-0.96; p=0.04 vs children of mothers with HbA 1c <5.7%). Conclusions/interpretation The risk of islet autoimmunity is modified by maternally influenced events such as birthweight.

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“…The intrauterine environment could be another reason. Pregnancy in mothers with type 1 diabetes is characterised by fluctuating glycaemia and altered lipid metabolism [23][24][25]. Unfortunately, it was not possible for us to investigate whether or not the fathers had diabetes in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesarean section per se does not increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes: a Swedish population-based study

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis Some studies have revealed a relationship between Caesarean section (CS) and type 1 diabetes, while other studies have not. By using the Swedish paediatric quality register we investigated whether birth by CS is related to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes during childhood.Methods All children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from 2000 to 2012 and included in the register (n=9376) were matched with four controls by year, day of birth, sex and county of birth from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.Results Overall, 13.5% of deliveries were by CS. By group, 14.7% of children who developed type 1 diabetes were delivered by CS compared with 13.5% of control children (p<0.001). Mothers with diabetes more often gave birth by CS than mothers without diabetes (78.8% vs 12.7%, p<0.001). In a logistic regression model adjusting for maternal age, maternal diabetes and BMI in early pregnancy, the OR for CS was 1.0. A child who developed type 1 diabetes and had a mother with type 1 diabetes at the time of delivery had the highest OR to have been born by CS. Children of mothers without diabetes, delivered by CS, had no increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Maternal diabetes was the strongest predictor of childhood diabetes (OR 3.4), especially if the mother had type 1 diabetes (OR 7.54).Conclusions/interpretation CS had no influence on the risk of type 1 diabetes during childhood or adolescence. However, maternal diabetes itself strongly increased the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes.

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Unfavorable effect of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on maternal and fetal essential fatty acid status: a potential marker of fetal insulin resistance

Abstract: Diabetes (either type) compromises maternal RBC DHA and cord plasma and RBC AA and DHA. The association of these 2 FAs with insulin sensitivity may mean that the current finding explains the higher incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes in the offspring of diabetic women.

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Maternal type 1 diabetes reduces the risk of islet autoantibodies: relationships with birthweight and maternal HbA1c

Caesarean section per se does not increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes: a Swedish population-based study

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