Unfavorable effect of knee immobilization on Achilles tendon healing in rabbits

Yasuda, Toshito; Koshi, Mitsuo; Abe, Muneaki; Shibayama, Yuro

doi:10.1080/00016470052943937

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An in vivo study comparing the patellar tendons of twenty-seven and sixtyfive-year-old men found decreased collagen content with increased age, yet there was no difference in the degree of collagen cross-linking between age groups, indicating that alterations in mechanical properties may be a result of other factors, such as reduction in glycoprotein and proteoglycan levels or the inability of the tissue to interact with water appropriately 93,94 . Disuse following immobilization has been associated with decreased levels of extracellular matrix protein expression, alterations in tenocyte morphology, and loss of normal extracellular matrix architecture, resulting in impaired function and healing capacity 14,[95][96][97][98] . Exercise improves the mechanical properties following age and disuse changes [99][100][101] .…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mechanical Loading in Tendon Development, Maintenance, Injury, and Repair

Galloway

Lalley

Shearn

2013

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

212

192

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Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mechanical Loading in Tendon Development, Maintenance, Injury, and Repair

Galloway

Lalley

Shearn

2013

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

212

192

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“…17,18 The cast was applied from the toes up to approximately 2.5 cm above knee height. The ankle and knee were fixed at 608 and 708-808 flexion, respectively.…”

Section: Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint immobilization reduces the expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors and impairs healing after tendon rupture in a rat model

Bring

Reno

Renström

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Healing after mobilization versus immobilization was assessed in a model of rat Achilles tendon rupture, by RT-PCR at 8 and 17 days and by histological analyses at 14 and 28 days postrupture. The expression of mRNA for extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (collagen type I and type III, versican, decorin, and biglycan), and the subjective histological maturation of the healing area were analyzed. Effects of immobilization on healing were related to changes in the peripheral expression of substance P (NK 1 )-and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CRLR and RAMP-1)-receptors. At 8 days postinjury, mRNA levels for ECM molecules were equal in both groups. However, by day 17, the ECM mRNA expression in the mobilized group had increased up to $14Â that of the immobilized group, which were comparable to intact tendon values. Histological analysis confirmed a higher regenerating activity in the mobilized group, with an increased amount of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and new collagen. The expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors in the mobilized group exhibited a significant increase from 8 to 17 days postinjury similar to the increased ECM mRNA expression, whereas the immobilized group at 17 days exhibited levels comparable to the intact tendon values. Therefore, immobilization postrupture appears to hamper tendon healing, a process which may prove to be directly linked to a downregulated peripheral sensitivity to sensory neuropeptide stimulation. ß

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“…The ankle and knee were fixed at 608 and 70-808 flexion, respectively. 22,27 The surface of the cast was covered with black pepper for protection.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity modulates nerve plasticity and stimulates repair after achilles tendon rupture

Bring

Kreicbergs

Renström

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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In a rat model of tendon rupture using semiquantitative methodology, healing was assessed according to the diameter of newly organized collagen and the occurrence of the sensory neuropeptides (SP, CGRP) in relation to different levels of physical activity. Normally, innervation of the Achilles tendon is confined to the paratenon. After rupture new nerve fibers grow into the tendon proper, but disappear after healing. In a first experiment to establish peak tissue and nerve regeneration after rupture, tendon tissues from freely moving rats were collected consecutively over 16 weeks. A peak increase in organized collagen and nerve ingrowth was observed between week 2 to 4 post rupture. Therefore, in a second experiment week 4 was chosen to assess the effect of physical activity on tendon healing in three groups of rats, that is, wheel running, plaster treated, and freely moving (controls). In the wheel-running group, the diameter of newly organized collagen was 94% ( p ¼ 0.001) greater than that in the plaster-treated group and 48% ( p ¼ 0.02) greater than that in the controls. Inversely, the neuronal occurrence of CGRP in the tendon proper was 57% ( p ¼ 0.02) lower in the wheel-running group than that in the plaster-treated group and 53% ( p ¼ 0.02) lower than that in the controls, suggesting an earlier neuronal in-growth and disappearance in the more active group. Physical activity speeds up tendon healing, which may prove to be linked to accelerated neuronal plasticity. ß

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Unfavorable effect of knee immobilization on Achilles tendon healing in rabbits

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of Mechanical Loading in Tendon Development, Maintenance, Injury, and Repair

The Role of Mechanical Loading in Tendon Development, Maintenance, Injury, and Repair

Joint immobilization reduces the expression of sensory neuropeptide receptors and impairs healing after tendon rupture in a rat model

Physical activity modulates nerve plasticity and stimulates repair after achilles tendon rupture

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