Unexplained infertility: a fresh look at the old problem and the novel therapeutic options of its treatment

Abstract

Infertility affects up to 20% of couples worldwide. Among the frequent causes of female infertility are fallopian tubes-related disorders, hormonal and ovulation disorders, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. The modern-day tendency to delay pregnancy has increased the incidence of age-related infertility, as female reproductive competence decreases with aging. Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced capacity of antioxidant protection system, and stem cell exhaustion in female reproductive system. Hence, the appropriate actions should be made to address the infertility caused by reproductive aging, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In recent years, a considerable progress in cell therapy as an emerging approach for the treatment infertility has been made. Cell therapy involves utilizing stem cells, precursor cells, cellular extracts, exosomes and other cell-derived therapeutic agents. Cell therapy can be an effective strategy as it provides an interactive, dynamic, specific and individualized treatment.