Unexpected Side Effects of Herbicides: Modulation of Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Kortekamp, A.

doi:10.5772/13217

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Glufosinate has been shown to suppress some soil microorganisms, whereas others exhibited tolerance [52]. Some fungal pathogens seem to be reduced by glufosinate, potentially due to inhibition of glutamine synthetase, similar to the inhibition in plants [53]. Glufosinate may impact predatory insects, mites, and butterflies [54, 55].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.)Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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“…Sin embargo, estos y otros agroquímicos (e.g. pesticidas) pueden ejercer efectos deletéreos sobre poblaciones no blanco de su aplicación (Boutin et al, 2014;Egan et al, 2014;Grundy et al, 2010;Kortekamp, 2011;Marshall et al, 2001), bien Efectos del Roundup® y Cosmoflux® 411f sobre la respuesta inmune frente al desafio con Aeromonas hydrophila en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) sea por aplicación directa, lixiviación, escorrentía o deriva del viento, en el caso de las aspersiones aéreas (Borggaard y Gimsing, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Sin embargo, estos y otros agroquímicos (e.g. pesticidas) pueden ejercer efectos deletéreos sobre poblaciones no blanco de su aplicación (Boutin et al, 2014;Egan et al, 2014;Grundy et al, 2010;Kortekamp, 2011;Marshall et al, 2001), bien Meza-Joya et al, 2013;Relyea, 2005). La exposición a herbicidas en organismos acuáticos, principalmente peces, ha mostrado tener efectos perjudiciales tales como alteraciones endocrinas, metabólicas y enzimáticas; daños en el desarrollo embrionario, alteración de las superficies respiratorias; y lesiones en el sistema nervioso central y el sistema inmune (Annet et al, 2014;Eslava et al, 2007;Glusczak et al, 2006;Glusczak et al, 2007; Jiraung koorskul et al, 2002;Ortiz-Santaliestra et al, 2011;Ramírez et al, 2008;Rondón-Barragán et al, 2012; Suárez et al, 2007).…”

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Efectos del Roundup® y Cosmoflux® 411f sobre la respuesta inmune frente al desafio con Aeromonas hydrophila en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)

et al. 2014

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ResumenLos herbicidas y pesticidas han mostrado afectar organismos no blancos de su acción. Dichos efectos incluyen alteración endocrina, así como teratogénesis, lesiones en sistema respiratorio, digestivo, inmune y nervioso. Particularmente, se ha documentado que las alteraciones del sistema inmune pueden generar efectos importantes sobre la capacidad del pez para sobrevivir en el medio. El presente trabajo evaluó el efecto de la exposición subletal al Roundup® (glifosato) y al surfactante acompañante (Cosmoflux® 411F) sobre la respuesta inmune al desafío bacteriano con Aeromonas hydrophila en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). Se evidenció que el Roundup®, así como la mezcla de este con el surfactante, disminuyen la resistencia de los animales al desafío con la bacteria y que el periodo de latencia es menor en los animales expuestos respecto al control. De la misma manera se evidenció un aumento de la actividad oxidativa en los animales expuestos. Los animales expuestos a las concentraciones subletales de glifosato, así como a la mezcla con el surfactante evidenciaron una mayor susceptibilidad frente a la infección experimental con A. hydrophila. Dichos efectos fueron mayores en el grupo expuesto a la mezcla, por lo cual se atribuye un efecto sinérgico ejercido por el surfactante en la misma.Palabras clave: cachama blanca, Cosmoflux® 411F, infección experimental, glifosato, inmunotoxicología, respuesta inmune Efectos del Roundup® y Cosmoflux® 411f sobre la respuesta inmune frente al desafio con Aeromonas hydrophila en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) 38 AbstractIt has been showed herbicides affect organisms which were not the target for their action. Such effects would include endocrine alteration, as well as teratogenesis and damage to the respiratory, digestive, and immune and nervous systems. It has been documented that alterations to the immune system could produce significant effects on a fish's ability to survive in its environment. The present work was aimed at evaluating the effect of sub-lethal exposure to Roundup® (glyphosate) and an accompanying surfactant (Cosmoflux® 411F) on the immune response to challenging white cachama/red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) with the heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. It was shown that Roundup®, as well as a mixture of this with the surfactant, reduced the animals' resistance to challenge with the bacteria and that the latency period was shorter in exposed animals regarding control. Likewise, increased oxidative activity was observed in the exposed animals. Animals exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate, as well as the mixture with the surfactant, had greater susceptibility to experimental infection with A. hydrophila. Such effects were greater in the group exposed to the mixture, there by attributing a synergic effect to the surfactant. Key words:White cachama/red-bellied pacu, Cosmoflux® 411F, experimental infection, glyphosate, immunotoxicology, immune response. ResumoOs agro-toxicos tem demostra...

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“…According to the same authors, herbicides represent a high toxicity to target species but it can be also toxic, at different levels, to non-target species, such as human beings. Herbicides can cause deleterious effects on organisms and human health, both by their direct and indirect action [2]. Among the biological effects of these chemicals, it can be cited genetic damages, diverse physiological alterations and even death of the organisms exposed.…”

Section: Aquatic and Soil Contamination Due To The Presence Of Herbicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with other pesticides, the accumulation rate of these chemicals on biota depends on the type of the associated food chain, besides the physicochemical characteristics (chemical stability, solubility, photodecomposition, sorption in the soil) of the herbicide [5][6]. Thus, despite the existence of several toxicological studies carried out with herbicides, in different organisms, to quantify the impacts of these pollutants and know their mechanisms of action [7,8,2], there is a great need to expand even more the knowledge about the effects of different herbicides in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Data obtained from in situ, ex situ, in vivo and in vitro tests, derived from experiments of simulation, occupational exposure or environmental contaminations, need to enhance so that it is possible to obtain even more consistent information about the action of these compounds.…”

Section: Aquatic and Soil Contamination Due To The Presence Of Herbicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Herbicides: Impact on Aquatic and Soil Biota and Human Health

Marin-Morales¹,

Camargo²,

Hoshina³

2013

Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use

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Unexpected Side Effects of Herbicides: Modulation of Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Cited by 11 publications

References 97 publications

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

Efectos del Roundup® y Cosmoflux® 411f sobre la respuesta inmune frente al desafio con Aeromonas hydrophila en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)

Toxicity of Herbicides: Impact on Aquatic and Soil Biota and Human Health

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