Unexpected post‐glacial colonisation route explains the white colour of barn owls (<i>Tyto alba</i>) from the British Isles

Machado, Ana Paula; Cumer, Tristan; Iseli, Christian; Beaudoing, Emmanuel; Ducrest, Anne–Lyse; Dupasquier, Mélanie; Guex, Nicolas; Dichmann, Klaus; Lourenço, Rui; Lusby, John; Martens, Hans-Dieter; Prévost, Laure; Ramsden, David; Roulin, Alexandre; Goudet, Jérôme

doi:10.1111/mec.16250

Cited by 15 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Populations isolated by large water bodies have accumulated substantial genetic differences as, for example, the higher F ST in the Canary and Cyprus islands ( fig. 1 c and table 1 ), and reflect the importance of water as a barrier to dispersion in this species ( Machado et al 2021 ). On the mainland, and as described for the American barn owl ( Machado et al 2018 ), major mountain ranges act as significant obstacles to migration for European barn owls and can generate genetic structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies showed that barn owls survived the last glaciation by taking refuge in the Iberian Peninsula and maybe even in emerged land in the now immerged Bay of Biscay ( Antoniazza et al 2014 ; Machado et al 2021 ). The observed distribution of diversity in Europe, and especially the specific makeup of the Italian populations, is best explained by a demographic model with two glacial refugia—one in Iberia and a second in Italy, derived from the Iberian population before the glaciation ( fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Illumina whole-genome sequences of individuals from PT, FR, CH, DK, and the outgroups were obtained from the GenBank repository (BioProject PRJNA700797 ). For the remaining 61 individuals, we followed a similar library preparation and sequencing protocol as outlined in Machado et al (2021) . Briefly, genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and individually tagged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioinformatics pipeline used to obtain analysis-ready SNPs was adapted from the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) Best Practices ( Van der Auwera et al 2013 ) to a nonmodel organism following the developers’ instructions, as in Machado et al (2021) . Raw reads were trimmed with Trimommatic v.0.36 ( Bolger et al 2014 ) and aligned to the reference barn owl genome ( Machado et al 2021 ) with BWA-MEM v.0.7.15 ( Li and Durbin 2009 ). Base quality score recalibration (BQSR) was performed using high-confidence calls obtained from two independent callers—GATK’s HaplotypeCaller and GenotypeGVCF v.4.1.3 and ANGSD v.0.921 ( Korneliussen et al 2014 )—as a set of “true variants” in GATK v.4.1.3 following the procedure described in Machado et al (2021) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape and Climatic Variations Shaped Secondary Contacts amid Barn Owls of the Western Palearctic

Cumer

Machado

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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The combined actions of climatic variations and landscape barriers shape the history of natural populations. When organisms follow their shifting niches, obstacles in the landscape can lead to the splitting of populations, on which evolution will then act independently. When two such populations are reunited, secondary contact occurs in a broad range of admixture patterns, from narrow hybrid zones to the complete dissolution of lineages. A previous study suggested that barn owls colonized the Western Palearctic after the last glaciation in a ring-like fashion around the Mediterranean Sea, and conjectured an admixture zone in the Balkans. Here, we take advantage of whole-genome sequences of 94 individuals across the Western Palearctic to reveal the complex history of the species in the region using observational and modeling approaches. Even though our results confirm that two distinct lineages colonized the region, one in Europe and one in the Levant, they suggest that it predates the last glaciation and identify a secondary contact zone between the two in Anatolia. We also show that barn owls re-colonized Europe after the glaciation from two distinct glacial refugia: a previously identified western one in Iberia and a new eastern one in Italy. Both glacial lineages now communicate via eastern Europe, in a wide and permeable contact zone. This complex history of populations enlightens the taxonomy of Tyto alba in the region, highlights the key role played by mountain ranges and large water bodies as barriers and illustrates the power of population genomics in uncovering intricate demographic patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape and Climatic Variations Shaped Secondary Contacts amid Barn Owls of the Western Palearctic

Cumer

Machado

et al. 2021

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Genomic basis of insularity and ecological divergence in barn owls (Tyto alba) of the Canary Islands

et al. 2022

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Islands, and the particular organisms that populate them, have long fascinated biologists. Due to their isolation, islands offer unique opportunities to study the effect of neutral and adaptive mechanisms in determining genomic and phenotypical divergence. In the Canary Islands, an archipelago rich in endemics, the barn owl (Tyto alba), present in all the islands, is thought to have diverged into a subspecies (T. a. gracilirostris) on the eastern ones, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. Taking advantage of 40 whole-genomes and modern population genomics tools, we provide the first look at the origin and genetic makeup of barn owls of this archipelago. We show that the Canaries hold diverse, long-standing and monophyletic populations with a neat distinction of gene pools from the different islands. Using a new method, less sensitive to structure than classical FST, to detect regions involved in local adaptation to insular environments, we identified a haplotype-like region likely under selection in all Canaries individuals and genes in this region suggest morphological adaptations to insularity. In the eastern islands, where the subspecies is present, genomic traces of selection pinpoint signs of adapted body proportions and blood pressure, consistent with the smaller size of this population living in a hot arid climate. In turn, genomic regions under selection in the western barn owls from Tenerife showed an enrichment in genes linked to hypoxia, a potential response to inhabiting a small island with a marked altitudinal gradient. Our results illustrate the interplay of neutral and adaptive forces in shaping divergence and early onset speciation.

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How glaciation impacted evolutionary history and contemporary genetic diversity of flora and fauna in the British Isles

Fenton,

Elmer,

Bean

et al. 2023

Scottish Geographical Journal

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Unexpected post‐glacial colonisation route explains the white colour of barn owls (Tyto alba) from the British Isles

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Landscape and Climatic Variations Shaped Secondary Contacts amid Barn Owls of the Western Palearctic

Landscape and Climatic Variations Shaped Secondary Contacts amid Barn Owls of the Western Palearctic

Genomic basis of insularity and ecological divergence in barn owls (Tyto alba) of the Canary Islands

How glaciation impacted evolutionary history and contemporary genetic diversity of flora and fauna in the British Isles

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